Building Support Systems For People With Psychiatric...

Carling, Paul J. Return to Community: Building Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities. New York: Guilford, 1995. Print. Return to Community: Build Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities by Paul Carling, explores broad and practical techniques to help people with serious mental illnesses transition back into society. The term used for the transition for people with mental illnesses is community integration. Carling assesses what current and past approaches have done to meet the needs of people with psychiatric disabilities and how the past research has not been sufficient. The author redefines what we think of people who are mentally ill by giving sources from families, survivors, and even medical companies. He explains that it is not just the family and friends of people with psychiatric disabilities that need to help integration, but the community in which the patient lives needs to step up to help. Carling explains ways in which we can change soc ieties attitude or arrogance on mental illnesses to help others transition back into civilization. Miller, Allison B., and Mark F. Lenzenweger. â€Å"Schizotypy, Social Cognition, and Interpersonal Sensitivity.† Journal of Abnormal Psychology Vol. 123 Issue 1 (2014): 190-204. EBSCO Host. Web. 18 Mar. 2015. In Allison’s Millers and Mark Lenzenwegers article â€Å"Schizotypy, Social Cognition, and Interpersonal Sensitivity†, they discus social understanding regarding schizophrenia can be a hard subjectShow MoreRelatedSex Addiction : An Addiction1340 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental causes. Part of the argument is whether or not addiction is really a disease or just some ongoing desire that a person chooses not to stop indulging in. A dependence on sex, which is still not completely perceived as a genuine habit by numerous people, is still up for debate. In any case, specialists are beginning to acknowledge that individuals can become dependent to sex pretty much as they can liquor, medications, betting, and any legal or illegal sustenance. Similarly as with all addictionsRead More The United States’ Lack of Mental Health Care1598 Words   |  7 PagesAbout 75-80 million people in the United States are mentally ill to some extent (For the Mentally Ill, Finding Treatment Grows Harder). Many people are unaware of the treatments for the mentally ill and how few resources are available. Yes, if society looks from where society has come with the development of treatments, it has come a long ways. 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CCI dogs function in a human services capacity, as therapy and guide dogs for those who are wheelchair bound, individuals who have a physical, emotional or developmental disability and those who are hearing impaired. This nonprofit agency has been in effect since 1975 and has a paid staff as well as volun teers who work well together to train the dogs and the consumer. They conduct fundraisers throughout the communities theyRead MoreAugmentative and Alternative Communication in Children Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication may benefit from AAC use. AAC systems provide a way for children with autism to communicate, enhance verbal language, and participate in social interaction. Systems of AAC include both high-tech and low-tech methods. High-tech methods consist of electronic devices such as the Apple iPad or iPod. Low-tech methods consist of non-electronic systems such as a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or manual signing. 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Helping People Succeed have become a leader in the community due to the services they provided in Martin, St. Lucie, Okeechobee and Indian River counties. We serve over five hundred clients per year. Since the Medicaid expansion and mental health changes under the affordable healthcare in 2014. TheRead MoreThe Harriet Tubman Woman s Shelter Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesage of 18 who are in urgent need of housing, food or case management† (Catholic Charities Archdiocese of Washington, Inc., 2010). A low-barrier shelter is â€Å"usually primarily short-term shelter for individuals. Low-barrier shelter is designed to keep people safe, is often open only 12 hours a day, and is often in a congregate setting. This type of program is provided, on a first come, first served basis, to any adult pres enting as homeless. It is sometimes also referred to as emergency shelter† (InteragencyRead MoreThe Fountain House And New York945 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted in New York in 1948 with the idea that people with mental illness can effectively participate in their own recovery (The Fountain House, n.d.). Former patients of Rockland State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in New York, began a self-help group and then formed WAWA (We Are Not Alone) (The Fountain House, n.d.). The first official meeting of We Are Not Alone was held at the Third Street YMCA in Manhattan. It started out as a support system for people with mental illness, but did not includeRead MoreChildren With Mental Illness : Fountain House942 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted in New York in 1948 with the idea that people with mental illness can effectively take part in their own recovery (The Fountain House, n.d.). Former patients of Rockland State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in New York, began a self-help gr oup and then formed WAWA (We Are Not Alone) (The Fountain House, n.d.). We Are Not Alone held the first official meeting at the Third Street YMCA in Manhattan. It started out as a support system for people with mental disorders, but did not include treatment

The Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company - 1506 Words

A lot has happened over the last 50 years we’ve landed on the moon, saw the Berlin Wall fall, and even had our lives taken over by smartphones. Over all this time one thing has stayed constant, and that is the partnership of The Lego Group and The Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company. The seemingly unbreakable partnership between these two successful companies came crashing down in October of 2014 as a result of a smear campaign that was spearheaded by the environmental activist group Green Peace. Green Peace was able to challenge the partnership through an effective use of video and social media to spread Green Peace’s message. Green Peace created a public relations crisis for both Lego and Shell and forced the toy maker to choose whether to†¦show more content†¦This dark and troubling YouTube video has been viewed about seven million times over the last year (youtube.com, 2015), which shows just how wide spread the campaign has become. To help with their campaign Green Peace hired Don’t Panic, a London based advertisement agency to help produce their viral video (Heltzel, 2014). By outsourcing to an advertisement agency to help with the creation of their video Green Peace insured that the video would be very eye catching and would reach Green Peace’s target audience. Don’t Panic’s final video was more than successful for Green Peace because they succeeded in getting the video to go viral and spread around the world. Green Peace hoped that by producing the video in all Lego’s they would make viewers want to find out more about the connection between Lego and Shell, and this viral video did exactly that. In addition to the viral video, Green Peace mobilized supporters to go out and protest in front of Shell gas stations across the globe to help raise awareness of the proposed drilling plans. The Green Peace supporters dressed as Lego men and women and stood in front of Shell gas stations with signs that read â€Å"Don’t play with the Artic† (Payton, 2014). Green Peace was able to generate much more attention and support behind their campaign to break up the partnership between Lego and Shell by taking their campaignShow MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis of Shell in Nigeria1364 Words   |  5 PagesOverview of Shell and Operations - Shell is a group of energy and petrochemicals companies, which are operating in more than 140 countries and territories. The Royal Dutch/Shell Group, commonly know as Shell, is an amalgam of over 1,700 companies all over the world. 60% of the Group is owned by Royal Dutch of the Netherlands, and 40% is owned by the Shell Transport and Trading Group o f Great Britain. These two companies have worked together since 1903. Shell includes companies like Shell PetroleumRead MorePaper581 Words   |  3 Pagesstructure of Royal Dutch/Shell Group. Does it differ from the equity listings of other companies that you know? These equity listings are different from companies such as BP and Exxon. All subsidiary companies’ shares were held by the Group Holding Companies in the ratio of 60/40 (Royal Dutch/Shell). The corporate structure is outlined in the figure below. Individuals and Institutions Individuals and Institutions Royal Dutch Petroleum Company Netherlands 60% The â€Å"Shell† Transport andRead MoreIfrs And Oil And Gas Industry985 Words   |  4 PagesLin Advanced Financial Accounting - Sec 061 June 20, 2016 GAAP vs IFRS in Oil and Gas Industry (Exxon Mobil vs Royal Dutch Shell) Oil and Gas industry is not a stranger in the international market since everyone around the world has a certain level of demand on Oil and Gas. Therefore, different oil and gas companies are founded across the world and a lot of them have gone global. 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Oil has been Nigeria’s leading export product for more than six decades. Even though, oil has given Nigeria a tremendous economic boost, nearly sixty percent of that oil production has been carried out under Shell’s regulation, and during these past six decades, there has been enormous environmental degradationRead MoreShell Case Study838 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Organizational change at Royal Dutch/Shell† This case study on â€Å"Organizational Change at Royal Dutch/Shell† deals with the organizational change that the world’s largest non-state-owned oil company made to respond its operating environmental changes in 1990s (Hill, C 2005, pp. 476-477) While there are a few different structures of global organizations such as worldwide area structure, worldwide product divisional structure and global matrix structure, the Anglo-Dutch company Royal Dutch/Shell (hereinafterRead MoreCompetitive Business Environment For Corporate Finance World1782 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction Many reasons such as globalization, technical developments, changing political relations between countries and liberalization cause a compelling and competitive business environment for the companies. This pressure to remain standing in corporate finance world makes companies to be in quest of rapidly effective ways to gain strenght and expand their business activities. At this point, Mergers and Acquisitions, which are two of the essential activities in capital markets to restructeRead MoreRoyal Dutch Shell ( Shell )1798 Words   |  8 PagesRoyal Dutch Shell (Shell) is a multinational oil and gas corporation. Founded in 1907 (Who We Are 2016) Royal Dutch Shell has been a leading member of the oil and gas industry for many years, and as of 2015 is ranked sixth in the world. Shell, along with many other oil and gas companies, has been criticised greatly for their social performance regarding their fulfilment of society’s expectations. 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The company started exploring their operations in China a century ago. With the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in China, the Royal Dutch Shell has sets up two joint ventures oil depots in Shenzhen, China in 1985 and

Concept of the True Fair View in Accounting Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.What is the History of the TFV? How did it come about, where, and when? What has been this Historical Purpose of the TFV? 2.The Extent to which the Australian Regulatory Environment for Financial Reporting Supports the TFV. Answers: Introduction In recent years, the concept of TFV has become one of the most famous principles in accounting. Moreover, the concept of TFV has become a part of English law and also remains elementary importance in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). It is also fundamental to accounting as well as auditing practices. The TFV concept plays a major role to ensure that an organization is providing or not a true fair view as regards to its financial conditions as well as operating results. Along with this, the concept of TFV requires comparative truth instead of absolute truth about the picture of enterprises. It is because of the financial statements of the business firms depends on the judgments and estimations of the managements; and these estimations cannot provide complete truth about the enterprises. It is not something that only provides a separate add-on to accounting standards. But, it is somewhat that provides recognition, d imension, and disclosure for explicit aspects of financial reporting and auditing. In addition to this, this research paper would be helpful to conduct literature review on the concept of true and fair view. It will portray the history and historical purpose of the TFV. Furthermore, the paper would helpful to illustrate the extent to which the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting supports the true and fair view. 1.History and Historical Purpose of the True Fair View According to the authors, Salihin, Fatima Ousama (2015), the word true fair is one of the most prominent words that are used in the area of accounting finance. It is useful to express the fundamental standards of financial reporting and also to justify the financial decisions in an effectual and a significant manner. Moreover, the term is also used in the instructions as well as guidelines of auditing financial standards to the company law acts. Along with this, in the words of Chambers Wolnizer (1991), the origin of the true and fair view is the result of the constitution. Early in the 19th century, by considering the recourse of legislation as well as constitutive documents, business organization had put their opinions and suggestions about the true and fair view. They also desired that the TFV concept must be involved in the companies legislation of 1844 1856 to do accurate valuation of assets (Salihin, Fatima Ousama, 2015). On the other hand, the authors Nobes Parker, (1991) say that, the meaning of the TFV has never been elucidated by statute. The TFV concept has become a major subject of debate for the people. But, in actual, the fact is that, the incidence of the true and fair view is totally related to the financial statements of the business corporations. moreover, as per the UK joint stock companies act 1844, the directors of the business firma are responsible to prepare balanced book related to the financial transactions statements; and they are also bound to make a true and fair balance sheet to remove financial errors for the growth of the organizations (Salihin, Fatima Ousama, 2015). But, the UK joint stock companies act 1856 removed such types of provisions and also provided new provisions to maintain transparency into the financial statements of the companies. According to this new act, the directors of the companies are obliged to consider the principle of double entry to make true fair accounts related to the companies. Moreover, the auditors were bound to affirm that the balance sheets of the companies are fair and complete to fulfill the financial obligations of the business organizations properly (Chambers Wolnizer, 1991). In addition to this, in the words of Albu, Albu, Alexander (2009), the TFV concept occurred form the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 as well as 1856. These acts can be seen very relevant to the true and fair view at that time period. Moreover, a TFV view is also considered as one of the base principles of financial accounting that is very much useful in order to prepare financial information and financial statements in an effectual and an accurate manner. Along with this, as declared in financial accounting, the TFV concept is based on the four basic concepts of accounting such as: going concern, reliability, accruals, and discretion. Without these principles of accounting, business organizations may face difficulties to prepare their financial statements and also compare their financial performance with other entities. Moreover, by considering these principles, the true and fair view provide proper instructions as well as guidelines to business organizations; so they can prepare fin ancial statements and also compare financial performance growth of the businesses (Albu, Albu, Alexander, 2009). So, it is clar that, the term TFV is originated from the Companies act 1844 1856 to improve the financial consistency of the business corporations. On the other hand, according to Council (2014), the historical purpose of the TFV concept was to determine the appropriate valuation of the assets of the business organization. But, the purpose of the true and fair view is not limited only to valuation of assets. It is more than decided. For example, the other major purpose of the TFV concept is to ensure that the accounts of the business firms are able to give a true and fair picture about the financial transactions and statements of the companies. The TFV concept is liable to offer additional disclosures at what time obedience with accounting standards are inadequate to portray a true fair view properly (Chambers Dean, 2013). Furthermore, the concept is also valuable to reduce complexities when acquiescence with the standards does not consequence in the appearance of a true and fair view. It is also designed to make sure that the deliberation that they give to these matters is apparent in their considerations as well as documenta tions. So, it is clear that, the historical purpose of the true and fair view is to maintain consistency in the financial functions and also prepare financial statements according the accounting standards as stated in the Companies acts (Council, 2014). Along with this, in the views of Svensson Samuelsson (2004), the true and fair view is an idealistic aim that is required to prepare financial statements correctly within the time frame. It explains the obligatory standards of financial reporting and also validates financial decisions of the corporations. Moreover, the TFV is a legal notion because of it is related to the Companies act. The financial statements as well as book of business firms portrays the true and fair view when the business firms records all the financial transactions accurate in their account books. They are also bound to observe that they have been followed all the mandatory provision of Companies act and related laws to prepare financial statements properly (Gaeremynck Vermoesen, 2009). The TFV concept is also used by auditors to find out that the financial statements of the businesses are showing or not a true fair view of the financial state of affairs of the companies. As a consequence, it can be said tha t, the TFV is a legal term that is required to maintain the consistency and transparency within the financial transactions and statements of the business corporations. 2.Extent to Which the Australian Regulatory Environment for Financial Reporting Supports the TFV In recent years, the popularity of the true and fair view is increasing day by day in all over the world. Most of the nations have used the concept of true and fair view to perform their financial obligations and also prepare financial statements in an accurate manner. Along with this, according to Karan (2002), the Australian regulatory environment is also providing complete support to the true and fair view. In Australia, the true fair view has been in the legislation of companies from the time when the Victorian Companies Act 1890. Moreover, as stated in the ASC (Australian Securities Commission), the he true and fair view is a fundamental part of the Australian financial reporting and auditing. In Australia, as declared in section 297 of Corporations Act, the business corporations are required to make true fair financial statements and financial notes in an appropriate manner (Previts, Walton Wolnizer, 2010). Moreover, it is also true that there is not a specific definition of the TFV. But, according to this concept, the Australian firms are obliged to provide a true fair view about the financial position and financial performance of the businesses. On the other hand, in the views of Livne McNichols (2009), the true fair view that is originated from the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844 bound the companies to prepare inclusive and complete balance sheets. In Australia, the TFV has become an integral part of the regimes of corporate financial reporting. The TFV observes all the activities of business entities and also restricts the corrupt activities of corporate opportunists to improve the financial competence of the businesses. The high scale of TFV has been supported by the Australian accounting standards (Gay Simnett, 2015). Along with this, according to the Corporations Act 2001, the Australian business organizations must perform all the financial transactions and also prepare financial statements in accordance with the accounting standards mandatory (s296) as well as the TFV requirements. Moreover, by the Australian accounting standards, the TFV concept has been considered as the dominant qualitative standard for financi al reporting and audition; that show that the true and fair view is highly supported by the Australian regulatory authority for financial reporting within nation (Livne McNichols, 2009). In the same manner, in the words of Sheenan (2009), the true and fair view has become legal in Australia that spreads out traditionalism in financial reporting. The view also provided clear shape to the audit functions and balance sheet purposes in the early 20th century. According to this, the auditors are liable to collect and provide reliable information to give respect to the true financial position of the companies. Furthermore, according to the s.297 of the Corporations Act, the annual financial statements of the Australian business corporations must give a true fair view about the financial position of the company (Campbell Houghton, 2005). Apart from this, if the financial statements are not prepared in reference to accounting standards and do not present a true and fair view then the business firms are obliged to include additional information to provide a true fair view in the financial statements of the businesses. A true fair view is required to verify that the financ ial statements are according to the regulations, accounting standards, and also competent to present a fair view in front of the stockholders of the organizations (Sheenan, 2009). In addition to this, according to the author Ramirez (2010), the Australian regulatory environment supports the true and fair view to comply the financial statements with accounting standards. The major reason behind it is to guarantee reliability and comparability of financial information and notes for the enforcement purposes. Moreover, acquiescence with accounting standards is about to escort a true and fair view in the financial statements of the organizations. The accounting standards that are issued by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) are principles-based, and scrupulous those promote fair value accounting in the financial statements of the organizations (Kirk, 2001). After 2005, the Australian organizations are continuously implementing all these accounting standards only to present a true and fair view of their financial statements and performance effectively. In opposite to this, deficiencies in the accounting standards will lead inadvertent results in the financial statements and therefore would not be able to lead a true and fair view in the statements of the companies (Ramirez, 2010). On the other hand, in the views of Kilgore, Leahy Mitchell (1999), the Australian firm are obliged to provide a true and fair view in their financial statements and reports. It is because of the financial directors are very strict to meet to the accounting standards and to make sure that their financial statements can give a true and fair view in the financial statements. Along with this, they also observe that how the accounting standards and TFV concept are used by the employees of the organizations. They also ensure that their employees are putting a TFV in the accounting and financial practices (Campbell Houghton, 2005). The Australian finance directors take specific actions to act in accordance with the requirements; so their financial statements may present a true and fair view in front of everyone. As a consequence, it can be assumed that, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting supports the true and fair view at a very high extent or degree. The main p urpose of this is only to comply with all the accounting standards to improve the financial performance and efficiency of the businesses in an effectual a significant manner. Conclusion On the premise of the above analysis, it can be concluded that, a true and fair view is achieving more and more popularity on the regular basis. The TFV is a legal term that obliged to business firms to ensure transparency in the financial statements as well as financial notes of the businesses. Along with this, it is also observed that, in current, it has become a core accounting principle that improve the financial efficiency and also reduce discrepancy form the financial statements of the business organizations. Moreover, it is also scrutinized that, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting also proving support to the true and fair view to improve the financial conditions and economy of the nation in a more comprehensive manner. References Albu, C. N., Albu, N., Alexander, D. J. (2009). The True and Fair View Concept in Romania: A Case Study of Concept Transferability. Retrieved From: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00458913/document Campbell, T., Houghton, K.A. (2005). Ethics and Auditing. USA: ANU E Press. Chambers, R. J., Wolnizer, P. W. (1991). A true and fair view of position and results: the historical background. Accounting, Business Financial History, 1(2), 197-214. Chambers, R.J., Dean, G.W. (2013). Chambers on Accounting: Logic, Law and Ethics. NY: Routledge. Council, F. R. (2014). True and fair. Retrieved From: https://www.frc.org.uk/FRC-Documents/Accounting-and-Reporting/True-and-Fair-June-2014.pdf Gaeremynck, A., Vermoesen, R. (2009). Guidelines to the Auditor in Prospectus and Other Related Engagements. UK: Maklu. Gay, G., Simnett, R. (2015). Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia, Sixth Edition. Australia: McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Karan, R. (2002). Irreconcilable Legal and Accounting Views of A True and Fair View: An Emerging Alternative from Australian Reforms. Journal of Law and Financial Management, 1(1), 44-52. Kilgore, A., Leahy, S., Mitchell, G. (1999). The true and fair view concept: evidence from Australia. Asian Review of Accounting, 7(1), 96-111. Kirk, N. E. (2001). 'True and fair view'versus' Present fairly in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles'. Retrieved From: https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/fms/Colleges/College%20of%20Business/School%20of%20Accountancy/Documents/Discussion%20Papers/208.pdf Livne, G., McNichols, M. (2009). An empirical investigation of the true and fair override in the United Kingdom. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 36(1?2), 1-30. Nobes, C.W. Parker, R. H. (1991). True and Fair: A Survey of Uk Financial Directors, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 18(3), 359-375. Previts, G.J., Walton, P., Wolnizer P.W. (2010). A Global History of Accounting, Financial Reporting and Public Policy: Europe. USA: Emerald Group Publishing. Ramirez, S. (2010). The Fear of Freedom: Politicians and the Independence and Accountability of Financial Sector Supervisors. Australia: International Monetary Fund. Salihin, A., Fatima, A. H., Ousama, A. A. (2015). Analysis of the true and fair view concept: an Islamic perspective. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 7(1), 38-61. Sheenan, K. (2009). The regulatory framework for executive remuneration in Australia. Sydney L. Rev., 31, 273. Svensson, J., Samuelsson, M. (2004). True and Fair View-A study of the implications of this concept within IAS and Swedish GAAP. rapport nr.: Externredovisning och fretagsanalys.

The Scarlet Letter Symbolism Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Symbolism Essay Webster defined symbol with these words: Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured. This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter A. The scarlet letter A is a symbol of a daughters connection to her mother, isolation, and the devil and its associations. The scarlet letter represents Pearls emotional attachment to Hester. For instance, Pearl is as deeply affectionate to the letter as she is to her mother. In chapter ten, Pearl takes a handful of , them along the lines of the scarlet letter. In this instance, Pearl is showing her fondness for her mother by decorating her letter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as if the letter itself were a medium between the two. Additionally, Pearl views the letter and her mother as equals. During chapter fourteen, Hester decides to remove her letter while in the forest. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Symbolism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thus, Pearl is reluctant to approach her. Hester, realizing what is wrong, says, Pearl misses that which she has always seen me wear. After she returns the letter her bosom, Pearl kissed brow and both cheeks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Pearl put up her mouth, and kissed the scarlet letter too. Because of the fact that Pearl equates the letter to her mother, the letter is as deep a symbol of motherly connection as Hester is herself. In addition to emotional attachment, the scarlet letter represents isolation. Whoever wears the letter will be feared by society. In chapter five, children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ would creep nigh enough to behold à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and discerning the scarlet letter on her breast, would scamper off with a strange, contagious fear. In this passage, the narrator describes the letter as if it triggers fear in those who see it, and thus these individuals avoid the letters bearer. Also, the letter directly creates isolation of its bearer. The narrator speaks of the letter saying that it has the effect of a spell, taking out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. Here, Hester first appears with the letter upon her, and the letter is describes as creating an encompassing zone of isolation around her. Fear is a stimulus of isolation, and the scarlet letter radiates both fear and isolation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" therefore making it a powerful symbol of isolation. Although the scarlet letter has several figurative meanings, it also has literal ones as well, such as the devil and its associations. In chapter sixteen, Pearl inquires Hester as to whether or not she has ever met the Black Man, or forest-dwelling devil. She responds, Once in my life I met the Black Man! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This scarlet letter is his mark. Here, Hester is comparing the letter to the devils symbol of previous presence. Moreover, the scarlet letter is an icon of Hell. When Roger Chillingworth and Hester are conversing in chapter three, Chillingworth admits that the adultery was his folly, but he also makes a subtle remark about the letter itself, saying, I might have beheld the bale-fire of that scarlet letter blazing at the end of our path. Because he refers to the letter as having evil fire, he is making an innuendo that the letter is from Hell. In these instances, direct or indirect references to the devil and Hell make it clear that the letter is indeed infernal. The scarlet letter A, the most intricate symbol in the novel, is extremely diverse as its meanings strongly contrast. Often times, these meanings of the symbol are directly stated, but they are frequently indirect as well. The symbols meaning can also be expressed through a variety of methods such as character dialogue, narrative, or allusions through imagery. Despite the differences between maternal love, estrangement, and avernal entities, the letter is still able to encompass these concepts into its symbolism.

American mindset Essay Essays

American mindset Essay Essays American mindset Essay Essay American mindset Essay Essay Cheri Register earned a PhD and pursued the calling of a professor. yet she can non acquire over the fact that she had been raised by parents who belonged to the working category ( Register 10 ) . Their work is â€Å"revile [ vitamin D ] † by flush Americans. including those that belong to the same category as Register. now that she has escaped life in the little town of America that she grew up in ( Register 19 ) . Her old town continues to look as â€Å"working-class in character† ( Register 17 ) . Her girls. who have been raised in a metropolis. lose the presence of the likes of Gap and Contempo in the on the job category town ( Register 17 ) . Harmonizing to Register. category consciousness is an built-in component of the American mentality. Even as those Americans who do non hold to supply inexpensive labour for their kids to accomplish â€Å"something different and better† happen it convenient to look down upon the labour category. Register believes that the services provided by the hapless people of America are â€Å"essential† albeit â€Å"unpleasant† ( Register 19 ) . Person has to work in the packinghouse. merely as person else is required to work in a nutrient processing works at the minimal pay rate. Those who escape the working category life style are persons like Register who find it easy to execute mental labour and obtain the academic grades required to mount the ladder of stuff success ( Register ) . As the illustration of Gap and Contempo shows. people from different socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States must demands hold different purchasing wonts. When unemployed people from Register’s little town are invited to a Christmas shop. some of them refuse to buy â€Å"‘anything nice’† ( Register 21 ) . A sense of â€Å"deprivation† has been built into their mentalities ( Register 21 ) . Yet. those who are able to afford luxuries are witting of the differences between a â€Å"paper-thin food shop turkey† and â€Å"a frozen Meleagris gallopavo loaf† ( Register 13 ) . What is more. people from the working category. possibly because they are exposed for long periods of clip to disagreeable working conditions. have come to believe that the rich and educated people are amoral. Register writes: â€Å"My pa one time paid this great compliment to my brother-in-law: ‘Rog is such a nice cat you’d neer even cognize he was educated’† ( 13 ) . She farther describes the instruction of her male parent therefore: Hadn’t he taught me that rich people aren’t happy. that Republicans will make you in for money. that â€Å"we. . . the small cat. . . the ordinary working people† are small and ordinary exactly because we are excessively moral to make what it takes to acquire rich? ( Register 6- 7 ) . Of class. the major portion of Register’s book is a description of the labour brotherhood work stoppage that she observed as a young person in little town America. The working category felt exploited by the rich. Register was confronted by the undermentioned inquiry being worked on for a solution: â€Å"Whose rights should predominate. those who supply the money or those who supply the labour that keeps towns like Albert Lea vital† ( Register 20 ) ? It was the first clip that the writer was exposed to the word â€Å"Unfair† being applied â€Å"to weighty inquiries of justness that may be in difference forever† ( Register 20 ) . This is to state that the hapless would go on experiencing exploited by the rich. who may or may non be concerned about moralss and equality as they seek greater net incomes by offering low rewards to those that work hard to prolong their households. trusting for their kids to hold a better life. The writer writes about â€Å"powerless workers up against a heartless adversary† ( Register 163 ) . On a similar note. her great-grandfather had written about the picturesque landscape being destroyed because of the greed of those that hoped to do money. whether they did so through deforestation or building of fabrication workss ( Register 18 ) . Therefore. people from low socioeconomic backgrounds express themselves every bit ethical as compared to those who compete against each other to acquire richer by the twenty-four hours regardless of whether they must assume the rights of others in the procedure. As mentioned before. those who are comfortable. on the other manus. continue to look down upon the sort of work performed by the working category folks even though their services are every bit of import. harmonizing to the writer. Although Register would non like her kids to be exposed to unsympathetic on the job conditions that her parents had survived. she would non halt esteeming the self-respect of people from low socioeconomic backgrounds. She understands their mentality better than those persons from the rich category who have neer seen their parents as low pay workers. Peoples who have neer seen their loved 1s in hard conditions may go on to work the hapless. As Register writes. this struggle may be ceaseless. In other words. the capitalists of America may go on offering low rewards to labour in order to heighten net incomes. For this ground. Register’s book offers munificent nutrient for idea to educated Americans. Due to their attempts in the right way. that is. to change by reversal the pestilence of inequality. it is possible that in future working category Americans would halt feeling belittled by the capitalists even as the latter would halt assuming their human rights.

Is Your Dissertation on Track Follow These Principles

Is Your Dissertation on Track Follow These Principles Is Your Dissertation on Track? Follow These Principles As every doctoral student knows, writing and completing a dissertation is a major challenge. It is common to struggle throughout the process and question whether you are making enough progress. The undertaking can be much easier if a few principles are followed, no matter which stage of the dissertation process you’re in. This will ensure that you will reach your goal of successfully defending your dissertation and getting that hard-earned PhD. Here are some tips to help you write a dissertation: Eliminate any hint of self-doubt Everyone struggles with self-doubt at some point in their lives. As a doctoral student, when you are struggling to complete your dissertation you may start to think you are bad at research, writing, gathering data, presentations, statistical analysis, or public speaking. You may also start comparing yourself to other doctoral students, especially if they are further along in the process. The key to changing your mindset is to remind yourself that you are at the post-graduate level and have already achieved so much. Take things one day at a time, focus on your abilities, and tell yourself you have what it takes to acquire that PhD. Set goals and deadlines As a doctoral student, you are already familiar with working toward deadlines for your professors. Setting deadlines for yourself at the outset of the dissertation writing process will keep you focused and motivated. The process is long and involved, but having tangible goals to strive toward will help break down the project into manageable sections and give you a sense of completion along the way. Having set deadlines will also allow you to identify any problem areas and give you ample time to have these resolved. Your goals and deadlines must be flexible Setting deadlines and goals is key to completing your dissertation. However, things don’t always go as planned; life may throw some unexpected obstacles at you. When this happens, you will be required to make adjustments to your schedule and deadlines. Be prepared and open to changes in the progress you are making in your dissertation and adjust your timelines as needed. Request feedback often An important part of the dissertation writing process involves obtaining feedback. Getting feedback about your writing will save you valuable time as it will ensure you are on the right track and that you are doing the proper research. It will also alleviate feelings of isolation and keep you motivated. At the beginning, approach faculty members to determine how much feedback they are able and willing to provide. As they are often busy with a wide variety of tasks, a clear understanding of how they will manage the feedback process is essential. Some may be willing to read several drafts of each chapter, others may only want to read the entire dissertation at the end. There are no rules with how faculty provide feedback so ensure that you negotiate what you need at the outset. Understand what your committee expects from you The most relevant audience for your dissertation is your committee. Requesting feedback from committee members will give you an idea of the type of writing they want and are expecting from you. Keeping the lines of communication open will help you throughout the process. Request to review dissertations written by students who have worked with the same committee. Ask the students the types of things that were expected for their chapters, how footnotes and endnotes should be utilized, the types of sources that need to be used, how to structure chapters, and other relevant details. This will give you a clearer understanding of what is expected of you. Rest whenever you need Give yourself short breaks or take time off from writing when you need it. Spend time with family, watch a movie, or have coffee with friends without feeling guilty. Getting enough rest is important if you want to succeed in completing your dissertation. Taking a break can also refresh your mind and provide new objectivity, especially if you are experiencing writer’s block. Once the break is over, get back to writing again. Extending the break may lead to writing that is rushed; this will affect the quality of the dissertation. It may be challenging to balance your academic responsibilities with other obligations, but finding that balance is key. Make time to write but take breaks when you need them. Saying â€Å"No† Saves Time One of the obstacles you face while writing your dissertation is a lack of free time. Friends and family often don’t understand what is involved in the process and may unintentionally try to distract you from your work. Keeping to your schedule and staying focused on your writing often means saying no to invitations. Decline gracefully and remind people that the demand on your time is temporary until you complete your dissertation. Divide your writing into small batches You’ve most likely heard that dissertation writing is a marathon, not a sprint. The writing happens in small pieces over a long period of time. No matter how busy you are during the day, always set a specific amount of time to write. This will provide a daily routine and will ensure that you stay focused and on track. Writing a specific amount per day will also make it easier for you to complete the journey in a timely fashion. Do not make excuses Writing a dissertation is difficult. There are many excuses not to write, including: â€Å"I don’t have time.† â€Å"I have a migraine.† I have more important work to do. â€Å"I have people to see, TV shows to watch, and meetings to attend.† There will always be reasons not to write; that is the challenge. Force yourself to disregard these excuses and focus on the task at hand. Stick to your schedule as this is the only way to get anything done. Celebrate small accomplishments Rewarding yourself for small accomplishments while writing your dissertation will make you happier and allow you to better enjoy the process. Did you just finish a page? Did you overcome a difficult section? Treat yourself to something you enjoy. Go for a walk, have a special snack, or chat with a friend. Make yourself feel good about the progress you’ve made so far. Writing a dissertation is a long and involved process. All that had work will eventually pay off. If you need help along the way, can assist with every aspect including research, proofreading, and editing. Contact us today at 1-800-573-0840.

A Corporate Entrepreneurship Analysis of Sony Essay

A Corporate Entrepreneurship Analysis of Sony - Essay Example The term can be defined alternatively as the development of internal markets and relatively small and independent units designed to create internal ventures and expand innovative staff services, technologies and methods within an organization (Pinchot, 1985). It has been established that successful companies have one thing in common and that is an entrepreneurial style of management (Katz & Shepherd, 2004). Stevenson and Gumbert (1985) attribute the sustenance of a high level of performance by big companies such as Sony and Hewlett Packard to their entrepreneurial behaviour. Company overview Sony corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that originated in the wake of World War II. The company made history after it built Japan’s first tape recorder and named it the Type-G. In 1958, the company changed its name from Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company to the present day Sony. The Sony Corporation has diversified its operating scope to cover almost all the ar eas of the entertainment and the telecommunications sectors. Sony Corporation is the parent company of the Sony Group. As the parent company of the group, its main task is to make strategic business plans for the group through research and development, designing, and marketing of products. As pointed out earlier, Sony Corporation has diversified its scope in to most entertainment and telecommunication sectors. The company has done this through its subsidiaries. One such example of the subsidiaries is the Sony Chemical and Information device Corporation which is responsible for manufacturing as well as the engineering and research and development for the mass production of products (Sony Corporation, 2012). According to the fortune 500 2012 list of companies, Sony Corporation is ranked 87th (CNN, 2012). The Sony group not only focuses on electronics, gaming, and entertainment, it also offers financial services. The subsidiary company that is responsible for the financial services bus iness of the Sony group is the Sony Financial Holdings. With its headquarters in Tokyo, Japan, the company controls the operations of Sony Life, Sony Assurance, Sony bank, and Sony Bank holdings. This subsidiary is the most profitable of all of Sony’s subsidiaries accounting for about 50% of Sony’s global earnings (Sony Corporation, 2012). The company was enjoying high profit returns up until early 2000’s when it started experiencing financial difficulties. These financial difficulties were due to several reasons. The first reason was the global financial crisis. The crisis made it difficult for the company to procure materials for manufacturing, cope with debt and maintain its work force. Secondly, the company’s milk cow, the play station, started to face steep competition from rivals Microsoft with their X-box gaming model. With the sales of the play station reducing, the company’s profits suffered similarly. The last main cause of the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s decline in profits was due to natural disasters. Japan has been victim to natural disasters, mainly earthquakes. The company’s headquarters in Tokyo, Japan, was hit by the devastating earthquake and therefore it became financially challenging for the company to make a comeback. The company however made a comeback in December 2011. Though the market capitalization of the company had dropped by over 50%, its net worth had increased from $17.6 billion in March 2002, to $35.6 billion in December 2011. This comeback can be attributed to the entrepreneurial behaviour of the company in promoting innovation and creativity that has enabled the company to realize and

Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of Marketing Research, or Research Paper

Journal of Consumer , the Journal of Marketing , or the Journal of Consumer Psychology - Research Paper Example In this experiment, forty university students were used as the participants. The results demonstrated that the participants viewed the brand more positively when a fee is not charged. In the second experiment, the author aimed at understanding how people react to comparable and non-comparable rewards offered back by the brands. In this study, ninety four undergraduate students from a university in North America took part. The results showed that exchange oriented consumers expect comparable benefits from the brand partners. For communal consumers or partners, benefits that are not necessarily comparable but recognize their efforts are accepted. Finally, the author undertook an experiment to examine how the time taken between seeking help and offering of help affects consumer behavior. Ninety five students took part in the study. Results showed that consumers view brands negatively if there is a delay in the return favor request. Overall, the behavior of the participants in the three scenarios demonstrated that consumers’ behavior and attitudes is greatly influenced by the actions of the brands. The use of human subjects allowed for an actual observation of the attitudes and behavior of the participants towards the brands, thereby providing an insight into consumer behavior. The present research, conducted by Anat Keinan and Ran Kivetz (2008), aimed at evaluating the effect of anticipating long term regret in consumer behavior. The authors argue that anticipating long term regret has an effect on consumer preferences and may motivate them to counteract their virtues or good tendencies and engage in virtues. In order to test this hypothesis, the authors used three sets of participants in three different studies. In the first study, the authors asked participants to examine and judge the regrets of others relating to a past decision and then come up with a choice for themselves. 91 train station travelers participated in the study. The

Presidential Election of 1828 Essay Example for Free

Presidential Election of 1828 Essay A rematch between two bitter rivals, Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, the presidential election of 1828 was highlighted by the split of electoral votes in New York and Maryland. Andrew Jackson had swept through the west, gaining every single state, and even got Pennsylvania. The winner from the election of 1824 by the ‘corrupt’ bargain, John Q. Adams, had gained the support of all the northeast states. However, the real surprise was the split electoral votes in Maryland and New York. The northern states loved Adams because he favored elites and their manufacturing industries. The south and west favored Jackson because he believed in equal opportunity for any citizen of the United States of America. Two states, Maryland and New York, did not give all their electoral votes to either Adams or Jackson, but were divided equally among the two. The reason for this split was both states were divided into districts that all had one vote. These districts could settle on who they wanted to give their electoral vote to. In every single other state, the electoral votes were decided upon by the state legislature, and once decided, all the electoral votes would be given to one candidate. However, in lone New York, the whole state could back Adams, but if one small self-sufficient farmer district wanted Jackson, then they could award their one electoral vote exclusively for him. So, if there was a dispute in states with a system like New York, the electoral vote could be split. The split between these two states showed how divided and diverse one state could be. If one little district went against the majority, it changes where the electoral votes are distributed, and can thus change the outcome of the election. New York and Maryland proved that one little group can make a large difference. These small changes made the election of 1828 unique, and actually exemplified how dissimilar one state’s people could be.

The Relations of the United States and the United Nations Essay

The Relations of the United States and the United Nations The history of the US’s relationship with the UN is complex, seeming to vacillate between warm cooperation and abject disdain as the national interests of the US and the rest of the world, and the short- and long-term interests of the US itself, align or oppose each other. The UN was originally the vision of US president Franklin Roosevelt and the product of US State Department planning and diplomacy. It was designed to forward the national interests of its strongest members, the P-5, to reflect and channel the geopolitical power structure rather than twist it into an unnatural and unsustainable hierarchy of weak nations trying to dominate strong. Because the Charter is based in a realist view of the world, during the Cold War, when the national interests of the two world powers diverged, the UN was paralyzed to deal with any of the world’s conflicts. When the Cold War ended it gave rise to the first war that should have been authorized by the Security Councilâ€⠀the Persian Gulf War from later 1990 to early 1991. Many hoped for a â€Å"new world order† after the success of the Gulf War, but the interests of the US and the rest of the world, primarily the rest of the members of the Security Council, soon divided again. Today, the world is still struggling to cope with the blow dealt to the UN by the US’s use of force in Iraq, including the US, which has not even begun to feel the long-term negative effects of its unilateralism. However, the war in Iraq could have been less detrimental to the UN and the US in particular, and by extension to the rest of the world, if the US had argued that it was acting to uphold resolution 1441 under the authorization of the Security Cou... ...Furthermore, by offering a little more of its power to the world, the US would appear to bind its hands and encourage cooperation in future operations. The US will not be the world’s strongest power forever, and it would be wise to invest some of its power today in strong norms and international laws that future countries, like China for example, would be bound to follow in the future. The UN is â€Å"a theatre of realpolitik where members (the powerful ones, in particular) pursue their own interests.† Over the past sixty years of its existence, it has remained the same picture of the world that it reflected in 1945, but the world has drifted away from this picture. For the UN to regain its effectiveness, especially after the war in Iraq, it must reform. The true test of President Roosevelt’s vision for global peace and security is whether change is possible today.

Police Corruption Essay Essay

Police Corruption can be defined as a form of police misconduct in which law enforcement officers break their social contract and abuse their power for personal or department gain. There are three forms of police corruption. These forms are Nonfeasance, which involves failure to perform legal duty, another form is Misfeasance, which is failure to perform legal duty in a proper manner, and the third form is Malfeasance, which is commission of an illegal act. The three explanations of corruption are the â€Å"rotten apples†, â€Å"departmental†, and the other focuses on factors external to the department. An example of these would be an officer might feel unappreciated for their good work and actions and it might make them corruptible. An example of departmental explanation would be if officers feel uncommitted and unsupported, their outlooks and values are reinforced by others in the group which may lead to lack of commitment in their job, thereby leading to corruption. Some police officers may abuse their power because they see themselves as not enforcers of the law, but them as the law itself. The â€Å"blue wall of silence† is a term used in the United States to denote the unwritten rule that exists among officers, where they should not report on a colleague’s misconduct, errors, or crimes. This may impact an officer’s loyalty to their profession because they are not doing their job if they are letting another officer get away with crimes, and if they did report it then they would be breaking their loyalty to fellow cops. It’s important for officers to have a good ethical foundation before they enter into this job because it would help prevent them from doing wrong and abusing their power. In the â€Å"Stopped for Being a Mutt† video, I realized how bad some officers can act sometimes. The teen was stopped and questioned multiple times for looking suspicious, when really they were just racist. They were trying to provoke the teenager to justify an arrest. I feel the form of police corruption they were doing was misfeasance. Stopping someone because of their race, when they weren’t committing any crimes is humiliating to that person and is wrong of any cop to abuse their power in this way. The â€Å"Blue wall of silence† comes up in this type of situation because some other cops  witness it and knows that this goes on when officers have low numbers of stops, and they don’t want to tell because they don’t want to seem disloyal to their fellow police officers. In the â€Å"Los Angeles Police Department† video, they talked about the Rampart and Crash scandal. When I watched this video I was in disbelief that, that many officers were implicated in some form of misconduct. I understand that they wanted to get gangs and crimes off the street but this was no way of going about it. They would shoot or beat people when they were unprovoked. They would steal narcotics and plant false evidence, and frame suspects and cover up all that these officers were doing because it was getting rid of the gangs and â€Å"hoodlums†. I can’t understand how these officers didn’t think what they were doing was wrong and immoral. This form of corruption in this particular situation was malfeasance. What they were doing was illegal, and they are here to protect and obey the law. In the â€Å"Behind the Blue Wall† video. I was extremely shocked to see the police brutality that occurred in these cases. I don’t understand how an officer could deliberately torment a victim because of their race and think they can get away with what they’re doing and that it isn’t wrong. Malfeasance is the form of corruption that comes up in these cases because what they are doing is illegal. The unlawful beatings and shootings of these victims, when they are not provoking the officers; is completely wrong and these cases need to stop. The Blue wall of silence also comes up in these cases because there were officers who knew about what happened and what the other officers were doing and instead of reporting it, they attempted to cover it up. Co-workers should treat those who inform authorities of illegal activity in the police agency the same as how they treated them before they reported corruption. In the virtue ethics perspective, the habit of right desire, he was making the right choice by reporting corruption because he knew that what was going on in the agency wasn’t right and needed to be stopped. Frank Serpico’s response to this case was â€Å"It’s always worth it to be at peace with yourself.† I think this does imply reasoning of ethical thought. I  think Serpico meant that, as long as you feel good with what you are doing, and you are doing what you think is right, then that is all the matters. I agree with this because no matter what happens in the end, it is all worth it if you are at peace and happy with what you did. There are conflicts presented in terms of loyalty and duty. Loyalty is a good to have, but it is not a virtue. If loyalty is treated as a virtue, it can be misguided. It will lead to protection of illegal conduct and can turn into corruption. Officers may want to be loyal to fellow officers and not report what is really going on, however they also want to do their duty, and want to report because it is their duty to not participate in the corruption. The blue wall of silence impacts conflicting loyalty because it is an unwritten rule amongst officers to not report a fellow officer’s mistakes, misconducts, or crimes. This affects them if they want to be loyal to those officers and be loyal to their civic duty as well. If I was an officer in this situation, I would definitely report these crimes. I don’t believe in the blue wall of silence. I think that if an officer is doing something illegal then it needs to be reported and dealt with. Just because they are officers doesn’t mean they should be able to get away with things that they are arresting other citizens for doing.

Macbeth’s inner turmoil

Machete's inner turmoil, highlighting his uncertainties, regarding the act of regicide, are prevalent throughout the play. The character who once was seen as a noble man to the king eventually becomes his murderer. Machete's inner turmoil is revealed in scene four for the first time when he soliloquies, â€Å"†¦ The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be which the eye fears when it is done, to see. † Macbeth at this point is already contemplating the act of regicide.Act one scene seven Is perhaps the most Important scene highlighting Machete's Inner turmoil before he commits the unthinkable crime of regicide. The soliloquy accentuates his unwillingness to perform the crime. However it also reflects Machete's power hungry motives and overly ambitious personality. This soliloquy proves his inner turmoil about the fact that,† if the assassination could trammel up the consequences and catch, with his surcease, success; that but this blow might be the be-all and the end-a ll†¦ Ere, but here upon this bank and shoal of time, we'd Jump to the life to come. † Proving his fear of consequence not only In this life but In the life hereafter. His fear of murdering the king while he possesses his â€Å"double trust† reinforces the rower struggle between good and evil within Macbeth. The Idea of upsetting the whole of Scotland also frightens Macbeth and the fact that Duncan Is a virtuous well-liked King would make the crime seem even more horrendous.The fact that Macbeth admits ambition, which overlaps itself and falls on other's† reinforces the idea that although he is contemplating the act of regicide he is fully aware of the consequences he will have to bear. The â€Å"dagger of the mind† Is a clear Indication and foreshadow of the guilt he Is experiencing by simply fantasizing about killing the king and the guilt he will experience after he has committed the crime. Macbeth decision that he â€Å"will proceed no further in t his business† indicated his virtuous morals.Macbeth after the murder, Is scared at even the slightest sound this reinforces his guilty conscious and his utter regret â€Å"this sorry sight. † He also confesses his incapability of saying,† ‘Amen' when they did say ‘God bless us. ‘† as he has now realized that he has completely handed himself over the evil. Macbeth proves to be both a good virtuous man and a cold blooded murderer, tragic hero over the brink of no return.

Essay on glengarry and good faith part 2

Essay on glengarry and good faith part 2 Essay on glengarry and good faith part 2 Essay on glengarry and good faith part 2Essay on glengarry and good faith part  1Just like the case of Marcus, they do not think of consequences of their criminal actions. They do not care about the company which they can ruin by such crime. What they do care is their personal well-being, wealth and success.However, the film makes the audience think of true motives which drive people to launch the pursuit of wealth. Moss is apparently ready to steal shares to become wealthy, while Levene has a different motivation since he wants to save his daughter and commits the crime as the way to earn money for the treatment of his daughter. In this regard, the action of Levene does not look absolutely immoral, even though it is definitely a crime from the legal standpoint. However, the motive of Levene is justifiable from the ethical standpoint since the salvation of his daughter was a reasonable pretext for committing the crime.Moreover, Levene turns out to be forcefully involved into the cr ime by Ross, who schemed the crime and elaborated the plan. More important, it was Ross, who forced Levene to commit the crime. In such a situation, the ending of the film gives implications that business is very complicated and no one can foresee what can happen next. For instance, Levene has got the offer from Roma to become his business partner, but as Levene has committed the crime he will definitely lose its opportunity. Such ending is probably the attempt of the director of the film to show that any crime leads to the punishment of the offender. However, such ending also gives implications to the injustice and evil nature of business. To put it more precisely, the main character, Levene is apparently ready to do everything to succeed but business turns out to be too cruel for him and he cannot find the right way to success.At the same time, the film shows that people are pursuing wealth as the main purpose of their life since wealth brings everything. For instance, Ross and ot her salesmen are looking for any opportunity to become wealthier than they are at the moment. Even Levene views the wealth as the way to save his daughter suffering from a serious illness. In other words, the wealth is the main purpose of their life because they believe they can buy everything they want, if they have money.However, such worldview contradicts to many ethical theories, which tend to prioritize the morality over material benefits. In this regard, the film as well as the book shows the loss of spirituality. Joe, who grew up in a very religious family, where parents discussed salvation every day along with the price of tomatoes (Smiley, 59), cannot find his way to success because his spirituality and moral values raise unsurpassable barriers on his way to the successful business development because business has nothing to do with morality, ethics and spirituality. Similarly, the film depicts the main characters, who are absolutely deprived of spirituality. They have no m oral values and norms that will guide them throughout their lives. Instead, they focus on ripping off all the money they can, even if they deceive or even steal money from other people.The total loss of spirituality becomes the mainstream trend in the contemporary society and the book and film uncover this trend to the full extent. In such a way, they show that people become enslaved by their desire to become wealthy, whereas the wealth itself is worth nothing. At any rate, the main characters of the book and film view their business as the main point of their life, while there are issues which they cannot buy. For instance, the daughter of Levene is ill and he cannot buy health for his daughter. The problem is not the shortage of money but the problem is the lack of health and related problems his daughter has. However, he believes sincerely that money can solve all his problems.Furthermore, characters of the film and book have no other priorities in their life but their business. Even Joe, who grew up in the religious family, has lost his spirituality and he views believes of his parents ironically and he feels contempt to those beliefs of his parents. At the same time, his spirituality is probably not totally lost as is the case of Marcus because he is not ready to deceive his business partners so far.At the same time, it is worth mentioning the fact that the film and book uncover the degradation of morals of the contemporary society, where everything is for sale. The business brings people money but leads to the moral degradation. For instance, Marcus brings considerable changes to the community since he is the first person, who is absolutely free of any morals norms and values and he is ready to commit any act, including crime, if it makes him richer. Remarkably, community members learn fast to ignore any moral norms and values. The community steadily slips to adultery, disrespect to each other, offenses and the total loss of spirituality. Marcus changes the worldview of people in the community making them believe that they can make money from everything.The similar trend can be traced in the film, where the main characters are degenerates, who view deception as a norm and, more important, they have made deception, scheming and abuse of moral norms an integral part of their life. They are just like Marcus ready to commit any crime, if it makes them richer. As a result, they eventually do commit the crime just like Marcus. In such a context, it is possible to trace the clear ties between crimes and desire of people to become wealthy. In their ultimate manifestations, those efforts to become wealthy end up in either the crime or disaster. Since offenders depicted in the film and the movie steal money from their business partners, while their business partners suffer from financial losses and face a risk of bankruptcy. In such a situation, the film gives a hop that the crime will be investigated and offenders will be punished but the d irector leaves the denouement in suspense intentionally to make the audience think whether there will be any punishment at all or, probably, the criminals will use one of their immoral schemes to avoid the punishment. For instance, Levene has already tried to bribe Williamson twice. Therefore, he probably can try bribing the authorities to avoid the just punishment for his crime.In such a way, people turn out to be slaves of money and wealth but the main characters depicted in the book and film are apparently unhappy. The film and book show that the wealth does not make people happier. On the contrary, their anxiety grows stronger the richer they become. The main problem of the main characters of the book and the film is the deep-rooted belief that money can buy everything but this idea is intrinsically wrong and violates basic ethical norms. The pursuit of wealth dehumanizes people and they violate basic ethical norms. They fail to understand that there are things that are much mor e important than money, like health, family, happiness and others.Furthermore, the main characters of the book and film are conformists since they try to adapt to circumstances instead of changing them. They are looking for the easiest to resolve their problem, as was the case of Levene, who tried to talk to Williamson to persuade him not to fire him. Also Marcus prefers to steal money, when he has them at hand and when he sees the option to take the money and get away fast remaining unpunished for his crime. In such a way, the main characters of the book and film do not even think of changing their life or their environment. For instance, real estate salesmen in Glengarry Glen Ross do not even try to change their performance. Instead, they look for other options to stay in the company or in business. For instance, even Roma, who holds the leading position in the team, prefers to launch a new business to stay in business rather than trying to dissuade Williamson from changing the po licy of the company. The salesmen are not ready to change the way they work and they will apparently keep deceiving their customers to earn more money.Thus, the film Glengarry Glen Ross and the book Good Faith depict the moral degradation of the main characters under the impact of the dominant culture oriented on the pursuit of wealth. The film and book reveal the destructive impact of the pursuit of wealth on the morality of people. In fact, business has the dehumanizing effect on the main characters since the most successful characters are the least moral ones.

R.L. Stevensons Classic Essay An Apology for Idlers

R.L. Stevensons Classic Essay An Apology for Idlers Best known for his popular adventure stories (Treasure Island, Kidnapped, The Master of Ballantrae) and the study of evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson was also a noteworthy poet, short-story writer, and essayist. The Scots-born author spent much of his adult life traveling, searching for a healthful climate until he finally settled in Samoa in 1889. There he lived on his estate of Valima until his death at age 44. Stevenson was not yet a well-known writer in 1877 when he composed An Apology for Idlers (which, he said, was really a defense of R.L.S.), but his own days of idleness were about to come to an end. Just a year after he wrote in a letter to his mother, Hows that for busy? It does me good. It was well I wrote my Idlers when I did; for I am now the busiest gent in Christendom. After reading Stevensons essay, you may find it worthwhile to compare An Apology for Idlers with three other essays in our collection: In Praise of Idleness, by Bertrand Russell; Why Are Beggars Despised? by George Orwell; and On Laziness, by Christopher Morley. An Apology for Idlers By Robert Louis Stevenson BOSWELL: We grow weary when idle.JOHNSON: That is, sir, because others being busy, we want company; but if we were idle, there would be no growing weary; we should all entertain one another. 1 Just now, when every one is bound, under pain of a decree in absence convicting them of là ¨se-respectability, to enter on some lucrative profession, and labour therein with something not far short of enthusiasm, a cry from the opposite party, who are content when they have enough, and like to look on and enjoy in the meanwhile, savours a little of bravado and gasconade. And yet this should not be. Idleness so called, which does not consist in doing nothing, but in doing a great deal not recognized in the dogmatic formularies of the ruling class, has as good a right to state its position as industry itself. It is admitted that the presence of people who refuse to enter in the great handicap race for sixpenny pieces, is at once an insult and a disenchantment for those who do. A fine fellow (as we see so many) takes his determination, votes for sixpences, and in the emphatic Americanism, it goes for them. And while such an one is plowing distressfully up the road, it is not hard to understand his resentment, when he perceives cool persons in the meadows by the wayside, lying with a handkerchief over their ears and a glass at their elbow. Alexander is touched in a very delicate place by the disregard to Diogenes. Where was the glory of having taken Rome for these tumultuous barbarians, who poured into the Senate-house, and found the Fathers sitting silent and unmoved by their success? It is a sore thing to have labored along and scaled the arduous hilltops, and when all is done, find humanity indifferent to your achievement. Hence physicists condemn the unphysical; financiers have only a superficial toleration for those who know little of stocks; literary persons despise the unlettered, and people of all pursuits combine to disparage those who have none. 2 But though this is one difficulty of the subject, it is not the greatest. You could not be put in prison for speaking against industry, but you can be sent to Coventry for speaking like a fool. The greatest difficulty with most subjects is to do them well; therefore, please to remember this is an apology. It is certain that much may be judiciously argued in favor of diligence; only there is something to be said against it, and that is what, on the present occasion, I have to say. To state one argument is not necessarily to be deaf to all others, and that a man has written a book of travels in Montenegro, is no reason why he should never have been to Richmond. 3 It is surely beyond a doubt that people should be a good deal idle in youth. For though here and there a Lord Macaulay may escape from school honors with all his wits about him, most boys pay so dear for their medals that they never afterwards have a shot in their locker, and begin the world bankrupt. And the same holds true during all the time a lad is educating himself or suffering others to educate him. It must have been a very foolish old gentleman who addressed Johnson at Oxford in these words: Young man, ply your book diligently now, and acquire a stock of knowledge; for when years come upon you, you will find that poring upon books will be but an irksome task. The old gentleman seems to have been unaware that many other things besides reading grow irksome, and not a few become impossible, by the time a man has to use spectacles and cannot walk without a stick. Books are good enough in their own way, but they are a mighty bloodless substitute for life. It seems a pity to sit, like the Lady of Shalott, peering into a mirror, with your back turned on all the bustle and glamor of reality. And if a man reads very hard, as the old anecdote reminds us, he will have little time for thought. 4 If you look back on your own education, I am sure it will not be the full, vivid, instructive hours of truancy that you regret; you would rather cancel some lacklustre periods between sleep and waking in the class. For my own part, I have attended a good many lectures in my time. I still remember that the spinning of a top is a case of Kinetic Stability. I still remember that Emphyteusis is not a disease, nor Stillicide a crime. But though I would not willingly part with such scraps of science, I do not set the same store by them as by certain other odds and ends that I came by in the open street while I was playing truant. 5 This is not the moment to dilate on that mighty place of education, which was the favorite school of Dickens and of Balzac, and turns out yearly many inglorious masters in the Science of the Aspects of Life. Suffice it to say this: if a lad does not learn in the streets, it is because he has no faculty of learning. Nor is the truant always in the streets, for if he prefers, he may go out by the gardened suburbs into the country. He may pitch on some tuft of lilacs over a burn, and smoke innumerable pipes to the tune of the water on the stones. A bird will sing in the thicket. And there he may fall into a vein of kindly thought, and see things in a new perspective. Why, if this be not education, what is? We may conceive Mr. Worldly Wiseman accosting such an one, and the conversation that should thereupon ensue:How now, young fellow, what dost thou here?Truly, sir, I take mine ease.Is not this the hour of the class? and shouldst thou not be plying thy Book with diligence, to the end thou mayest obtain knowledge?Nay, but thus also I follow after Learning, by your leave.Learning, quotha! After what fashion, I pray thee? Is it mathematics?No, to be sure.Is it metaphysics?Nor that.Is it some language?Nay, it is no language.Is it a trade?Nor a trade neither.Why, then, what ist?Indeed, sir, as a time may soon come for me to go upon Pilgrimage, I am desirous to note what is commonly done by persons in my case, and where are the ugliest Sloughs and Thickets on the Road; as also, what manner of Staff is of the best service. Moreover, I lie here, by this water, to learn by root-of-heart a lesson which my master teaches me to call Peace, or Contentment. 6 Hereupon Mr. Worldly Wiseman was much commoved with passion, and shaking his cane with a very threatful countenance, broke forth upon this wise: Learning, quotha! said he; I would have all such rogues scourged by the Hangman! 7 And so he would go his way, ruffling out his cravat with a crackle of starch, like a turkey when it spread its feathers. 8 Now this, of Mr. Wisemans, is the common opinion. A fact is not called a fact, but a piece of gossip, if it does not fall into one of your scholastic categories. An inquiry must be in some acknowledged direction, with a name to go by; or else you are not inquiring at all, only lounging; and the work-house is too good for you. It is supposed that all knowledge is at the bottom of a well, or the far end of a telescope. Sainte-Beuve, as he grew older, came to regard all experience as a single great book, in which to study for a few years ere we go hence; and it seemed all one to him whether you should read in Chapter xx., which is the differential calculus, or in Chapter xxxix., which is hearing the band play in the gardens. As a matter of fact, an intelligent person, looking out of his eyes and hearkening in his ears, with a smile on his face all the time, will get more true education than many another in a life of heroic vigils. There is certainly some chill and arid knowledge to be found upon the summits of formal and laborious science; but it is all round about you, and for the trouble of looking, that you will acquire the warm and palpitating facts of life. While others are filling their memory with a lumber of words, one-half of which they will forget before the week be out, your truant may learn some really useful art: to play the fiddle, to know a good cigar, or to speak with ease and opportunity to all varieties of men. Many who have plied their book diligently, and know all about some one branch or another of accepted lore, come out of the study with an ancient and owl-like demeanour, and prove dry, stockish, and dyspeptic in all the better and brighter parts of life. Many make a large fortune, who remain underbred and pathetically stupid to the last. And meantime there goes the idler, who began life along with themby your leave, a different picture. He has had time to take care of his health and his spirits; he has been a great deal in the open air, which is the most salutary of all things for both body and mind; and if he has never read the great Book in very recondite places, he has dipped into it and skimmed it over to excelle nt purpose. Might not the student afford some Hebrew roots, and the business man some of his half-crowns, for a share of the idlers knowledge of life at large, and Art of Living? Nay, and the idler has another and more important quality than these. I mean his wisdom. He who has much looked on at the childish satisfaction of other people in their hobbies, will regard his own with only a very ironical indulgence. He will not be heard among the dogmatists. He will have a great and cool allowance for all sorts of people and opinions. If he finds no out-of-the-way truths, he will identify himself with no very burning falsehood. His way takes him along a by-road, not much frequented, but very even and pleasant, which is called Commonplace Lane, and leads to the Belvedere of Common-sense. Thence he shall command an agreeable, if not very noble prospect; and while others behold the East and West, the Devil and the Sunrise, he will be contentedly aware of a sort of morning hour upon all sublunary things , with an army of shadows running speedily and in many different directions into the great daylight of Eternity. The shadows and the generations, the shrill doctors and the plangent wars, go by into ultimate silence and emptiness; but underneath all this, a man may see, out of the Belvedere windows, much green and peaceful landscape; many firelit parlours; good people laughing, drinking, and making love as they did before the Flood or the French Revolution; and the old shepherd telling his tale under the hawthorn. 9 Extreme  busyness, whether at school or college, kirk or market, is a symptom of deficient vitality; and a faculty for idleness implies a catholic appetite and a strong sense of personal identity. There is a sort of dead-alive, hackneyed people about, who are scarcely conscious of living except in the exercise of some conventional occupation. Bring these fellows into the country, or set them aboard ship, and you will see how they pine for their desk or their study. They have no curiosity; they cannot give themselves over to random provocations; they do not take pleasure in the exercise of their faculties for its own sake; and unless Necessity lays about them with a stick, they will even stand still. It is no good speaking to such folk: they  cannot  be idle, their nature is not generous enough; and they pass those hours in a sort of coma, which are not dedicated to furious moiling in the gold-mill. When they do not require to go to the office, when they are not hungry and hav e no mind to drink, the whole breathing world is a blank to them. If they have to wait an hour or so for a train, they fall into a stupid trance with their eyes open. To see them, you would suppose there was nothing to look at and no one to speak with; you would imagine they were paralysed or alienated: and yet very possibly they are hard workers in their own way, and have good eyesight for a flaw in a deed or a turn of the market. They have been to school and college, but all the time they had their eye on the medal; they have gone about in the world and mixed with clever people, but all the time they were thinking of their own affairs. As if a mans soul were not too small to begin with, they have dwarfed and narrowed theirs by a life of all work and no play; until here they are at forty, with a listless attention, a mind vacant of all material of amusement, and not one thought to rub against another, while they wait for the train. Before he was breeched, he might have clambered on the boxes; when he was twenty, he would have stared at the girls; but now the pipe is smoked out, the snuff-box empty, and my gentleman sits bolt upright upon a bench, with lamentable eyes. This does not appeal to me as being Success in Life. 10 But it is not only the person himself who suffers from his busy habits, but his wife and children, his friends and relations, and down to the very people he sits with in a railway carriage or an omnibus. Perpetual devotion to what a man calls his business, is only to be sustained by perpetual neglect of many other things. And it is not by any means certain that a mans business is the most important thing he has to do. To an impartial estimate it will seem clear that many of the wisest, most virtuous, and most beneficent parts that are to be played upon the Theatre of Life are filled by gratuitous performers, and pass, among the world at large, as phases of idleness. For in that Theatre, not only the walking gentlemen, singing chambermaids, and diligent fiddlers in the orchestra, but those who look on and clap their hands from the benches, do really play a part and fulfill important offices towards the general result. 11 You are no doubt very dependent on the care of your lawyer and stockbroker, of the guards and signalmen who convey you rapidly from place to place, and the policemen who walk the streets for your protection; but is there not a thought of gratitude in your heart for certain other benefactors who set you smiling when they fall in your way, or season your dinner with good company? Colonel Newcome helped to lose his friends money; Fred Bayham had an ugly trick of borrowing shirts; and yet they were better people to fall among than Mr. Barnes. And though Falstaff was neither sober nor very honest, I think I could name one or two long-faced Barabbases whom the world could better have done without. Hazlitt mentions that he was more sensible of obligation to Northcote, who had never done him anything he could call a service, than to his whole circle of ostentatious friends; for he thought a good companion emphatically the greatest benefactor. I know there are people in the world who canno t feel grateful unless the favour has been done them at the cost of pain and difficulty. But this is a churlish disposition. A man may send you six sheets of letter-paper covered with the most entertaining gossip, or you may pass half an hour pleasantly, perhaps profitably, over an article of his; do you think the service would be greater, if he had made the manuscript in his hearts blood, like a compact with the devil? Do you really fancy you should be more beholden to your correspondent, if he had been damning you all the while for your importunity? Pleasures are more beneficial than duties because, like the quality of mercy, they are not strained, and they are twice blest. There must always be two to a kiss, and there may be a score in a jest; but wherever there is an element of sacrifice, the favour is conferred with pain, and, among generous people, received with confusion. 12 There is no duty we so much underrate as the duty of being happy. By being happy, we sow anonymous benefits upon the world, which remain unknown even to ourselves, or when they are disclosed, surprise nobody so much as the benefactor. The other day, a ragged, barefoot boy ran  down the street after a marble, with so jolly an air that he set every one he passed into a good humour; one of these persons, who had been delivered from more than usually black thoughts, stopped the little fellow and gave him some money with this remark: You see what sometimes comes of looking pleased. If he had looked pleased before, he had now to look both pleased and mystified. For my part, I justify this encouragement of smiling rather than tearful children; I do not wish to pay for tears anywhere but upon the stage; but I am prepared to deal largely in the opposite commodity. A happy man or woman is a better thing to find than a five-pound note. He or she is a radiating focus of goodwill; and their entrance into a room is as though another candle had been lighted. We need not care whether they could prove the forty-seventh proposition; they do a better thing than that, they practically demonstrate the great Theorem of the Liveableness of Life. Consequently, if a person cannot be happy without remaining idle, idle he should remain. It is a revolutionary precept; but thanks to hunger and the workhouse, one not easily to be abused; and within practical limits, it is one of the most incontestable truths in the whole Body of Morality. Look at one of your industrious fellows for a moment, I beseech you. He sows hurry and reaps indigestion; he puts a vast deal of activity out to interest, and receives a large measure of nervous derangement in return. Either he absents himself entirely from all fellowship, and lives a recluse in a garret, with carpet slippers and a leaden inkpot; or he comes among people swiftly and bitterly, in a contraction of his whole nervous system, to discharge some temper before he returns to work. I do not care how much or ho w well he works, this fellow is an evil feature in other peoples lives. They would be happier if he were dead. They could easier do without his services in the Circumlocution Office, than they can tolerate his fractious spirits. He poisons life at the well-head. It is better to be beggared out of hand by a scapegrace nephew, than daily hag-ridden by a peevish uncle. 13 And what, in Gods name, is all this pother about? For what cause do they embitter their own and other peoples lives? That a man should publish three or thirty articles a year, that he should finish or not finish his great allegorical picture, are questions of little interest to the world. The ranks of life are full; and although a thousand fall, there are always some to go into the breach. When they told Joan of Arc she should be at home minding womens work, she answered there were plenty to spin and wash. And so, even with your own rare gifts! When nature is so careless of the single life, why should we coddle ourselves into the fancy that our own is of exceptional importance? Suppose Shakespeare had been knocked on the head some dark night in Sir Thomas Lucys preserves, the world would have wagged on better or worse, the pitcher gone to the well, the scythe to the corn, and the student to his book; and no one been any the wiser of the loss. There are not many works extant, if yo u look the alternative all over, which are worth the price of a pound of tobacco to a man of limited means. This is a sobering reflection for the proudest of our earthly vanities. Even a tobacconist may, upon consideration, find no great cause for personal vainglory in the phrase; for although tobacco is an admirable sedative, the qualities necessary for retailing it are neither rare nor precious in themselves. Alas and alas! you may take it how you will, but the services of no single individual are indispensable. Atlas was just a gentleman with a protracted nightmare! And yet you see merchants who go and labour themselves into a great fortune and thence into the bankruptcy court; scribblers who keep scribbling at little articles until their temper is a cross to all who come about them, as though Pharaoh should set the Israelites to make a pin instead of a pyramid; and fine young men who work themselves into a decline, and are driven off in a hearse with white plumes upon it. Would you not suppose these persons had been whispered, by the Master of the Ceremonies, the promise of some momen tous destiny? and that this lukewarm bullet on which they play their farces was the bulls eye and centre-point of all the universe? And yet it is not so. The ends for which they give away their priceless youth, for all they know, may be chimerical or hurtful; the glory and riches they expect may never come, or may find them indifferent; and they and the world they inhabit are so inconsiderable that the mind freezes at the thought. * An Apology for Idlers, by Robert Louis Stevenson, first appeared in the July 1877 issue of the  Cornhill Magazine  and was later published in Stevensons essay collection  Virginibus Puerisque, and Other Papers   (1881).

The Language of Health Informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Language of Health Informatics - Essay Example Practically, a hospital database, for our purposes, is the collection of patient forms, only more organized and in electronic form. These two advantages, organization and accessibility, allow appropriate medical attention to be given faster, despite turnover of health care providers. For a former patient allergic to aspirin, rushed again to the hospital for his sudden blood pressure elevation, even if the nurses and doctors who attended to him are not part of the hospital already, the current HCPs will know they must provide non-aspirin medications. So going back to the original question, imagine as if you’re interviewing the patient again, what would be the usual questions you would ask him? Probably the complaint (why is the patient currently admitted?), the history of the complaint (i.e., Is this reoccurring?), and the past medical history (what other medical conditions did the patient have?). In addition, it is also important to note the medical history of the patients family. The contact details of the patient, as well as its closest family member should also be indicated in the database. As mentioned above, the accessibility of hospital databases serves to facilitate communication among HCPs or hospitals. The terminology, coding and standardization are thus important so that the hospitals can understand one another (Blair, 1999). For example, if the normal levels of substance A is 1-5 mg/ml for hospital A but 1-10 mg/ml for hospital B, then normal patients from hospital B may be getting treatment from hospital A if he/she is admitted to it. In addition, there must be universal identifier standards. This facilitates getting appropriate and adequate information from the database, This is especially important in life-threatening cases. For patient identifier, one option is the social security system (SSS) number, a unique one given to each citizen. However, the use of SSS number is open to violations of confidentiality because other institutions