Good managers are born or made Essay

It is quite clear that effective management is a crucial part of any business’ organisational strategy and effective managers are the ones create an effective management system. The argument about â€Å"good managers are made or born† is continuing for decades since and the role of managers is concerned. But the idea is changing through time. Nowadays, technology and management skills have continued to develop; managers are required to be consistently followed up and updated themselves to fit in. With this perspective, I strongly believe that managers are well-trained through experience and training processes to really become â€Å"good† ones. That is why organisations spend millions of dollar on leadership training processes to create a good management system for their business. The purpose of this report is to support the idea that â€Å"good managers are made†, sale manager in here is used as a model to support my argument. Read more:  The person you admire essay To discuss further more about â€Å"born† or â€Å"made†, we should have a brief idea what are characteristics of a good manager. There are two points of view about an effective sale manager’s characteristics, one is from sale managers and one is from sale representatives. In a research of Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, and Kennedy (2008), they found that nine over eleven attributes of an effective manager are agreed by both points of view: communication and listening skills, human relations skills, organisation and time management skills, knowledge possession, coaching skills, motivational skills, honest and ethical tendencies, selling skills, leadership skills, willingness to empower, and adaptability (Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, and Kennedy, 2008). Those skills listed above are all required an amount of time to learn, to train and to adapt them. Good managers are not born with all those characteristics, they are the one who are able to improve themselves, who are able to change every day to â€Å"make† themselves better and better. It is suggested that managers should have their own training programs to really learning and developing their own skills (Vazzana and Jordan, 2012). For a long time, organisations only focus on training the front line employees and ignore managers’ learning processes. Managers have been through a lot of trainings of their team members but themselves are suffering on correcting and learning skills of a true leader (Vazzana and Jordan, 2012). That is why from managers’ perspective they believe that they are more participating in  front line staff’s activities rather than being supportive as their members need them to be (Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, and Kennedy, 2008). So why do we waste all the time and money to find new managers when we can train them to be more effective and more supportive. There are specific skills that different levels of managers have to learn. As lower-level managers, there should be more training programs about company knowledge, company policies or time management, etc. (Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, and Kennedy, 2008). That is not enough for a manager, coaching and mentoring are also very imp ortant part to put in training programs. But they are less effective when managers are to learn in an inactive way, in which they listen and remember, not actually acting it. So another useful way is discovered. Higher-level managers will share experiences and train the newer to develop skills. Managers will help their colleagues to improve and become better. With these interactions every day, every week, managers can see, learn and practice at the same time (Manikutty, 2005). This is a very effective way because those people interacts closely at work and they all have experience, it will enhance managers’ knowledge and skills quickly, and also enhance relationship among organisation. After learning all the values of the organisation and starting to adopt all the skills, managers can come to a higher position and learning more skills. In an organisation, there will be a higher-level leader/ manager that you admire and believe. That person will be the one who create a powerful atmosphere to people around them and also a very strong relief. That â€Å"charisma† mentioned above is very important for characteristics of a manager/ leader in the head office of an organisation. M. Ale xander Kuhn (2012) believed that â€Å"charisma was not a gift or innate ability, but a skill to be developed and refined as part of a leader’s repertoire†. Charismatic leaders are different from others in three areas. The first are is articulation. A great manager has to have a clear, understandable and powerful statement come together with a leader’s tone. Second is branding. Standing in the head office of an organisation, a high level manager has to create their own real reputation such as healthy lifestyle, consistent working attitude, etc. This will support manager’s statement to be more powerful and realistic that makes his staff to listen. Third area is affection. If a person is not really sure about what he believes, he cannot persuade other people to believe it like him. So a  charismatic leader really has a strong belief in the organisation’s value, in the direction that they make up to encourage their staff working hard toward it. It is also about caring others’ opinions. A manager affects his employee but there will be the time that he stops and listening to others’ perspective. Balance between that will lead to a successful way of management (Kuhn, 2012). A very practical example is Disney. In 2011, Walt Disney was ranked by CNN Money as the third most admired company in the world for people management. It is quite clear that the organisation had created a great base of effective managers to achieve that. The leaders must encourage their cast members (staff) to connect emotionally with customers whether they are on stage or back stage. Former Walt Disney CEO, Michael Eisner say that Walt Disney World is driven by an â€Å"emotional engine† rather than an â€Å"economic engine†. The current CEO, Bob Iger shared his opinion about being a leader â€Å"You’ve got to be an optimist. You can’t be a pessimist. When you come to work, you’ve got to show enthusiasm and spirit. You can’t let people see you brought down by the experience of failure. You don’t have that luxury. I believe in taking big risks creatively. If you fail, don’t do it with mediocrity—do it with something that was truly original, truly a risk†. All the methodology that are listed above is to gradually create a â€Å"good† manager. A normal person still can become a manager but to become a â€Å"good† one, he needs to put a lot of effort to study and to learn day by day. Organisations nowadays spend a lot of money on developing programs for managers to help them improve their skills. That is why I strongly believe that good managers are made. They are made from their effort of learning effectively. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ignatius, A & Iger, RA 2011, ‘Technology, tradition and the Mouse’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 7, pp. 112-117. Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, Kennedy, 2008, ‘what are the characteristics of an effective sales manager? An exploratory study comparing salesperson and sales manager perspectives’, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Vol.28, Issue 1, pp. 7-20. Vazzana, Jordan, Jun2012, ‘your guide to developing sales managers: how to effectively maximise neglected talent’, Vol. 66, Issue 6, p34-43. Manikutty, 2005, ‘manager as a trainer, a coach and a mentor’, vol.30, issue 2, p57-64. Kuhn, 2012, ‘charismatic leaders’, vol.29, issue7, p20-20.

Measurements: Accuracy and Approximations

The need for accurate and precise measurements in today’s modern world cannot be understated.   Every discipline, from the physical sciences to the social sciences requires measurements that are both accurate and repeatable.   It must be accepted, though, that any measurement has inherent inaccuracies and imprecision and is indeed an approximation. Any measuring device has limited accuracy.   The inability to read the measurement beyond the smallest division shown on the device creates an approximation.   If the smallest division on a ruler is one millimeter, then the accuracy of the measurement will be to the nearest millimeter (Giancoli 2005, p. 5).   No measuring device can give absolutely accurate results.   There will always be an uncertainty generated with any measurement.   The more accurate the device, the less the amount of uncertainty that will be generated, but absolute accuracy will never be obtained.   Therefore all measurements will include some error (Giancoli 2005, p. 5). The awareness of the unit size that is being used to record the measurement and the need for accuracy is a critical aspect of measurement.   Measuring an item when accuracy to the nearest kilogram is all that is needed is far easier than measuring the same item to the nearest microgram.   The difference, of course, is that in the kilogram example the amount of error is plus or minus one kilogram, and in the second case it is plus or minus one microgram. Obviously, the second measurement is far more accurate, but harder to obtain.   The smaller the unit size that the device is capable of measuring, the greater the accuracy, and normally the more expensive the device.   If great precision is not needed, then a less expensive device may be used. Consider the difference between a scale in a supermarket used to measure vegetables and a scale in a pharmaceutical laboratory that is used to measure drugs.   In the first case the scale may be accurate to only one tenth of a pound.   This level of inaccuracy is acceptable for  vegetables.   If you are buying five pounds of tomatoes, it really does not matter if you get 4.9 or 5.1 pounds.   The laboratory scale, though, must have a higher level of accuracy.   Obviously, an error of plus or minus one tenth of a pound is unacceptable in the pharmacy business.   In this case, accuracy to the nearest tenth of a milligram would be more reasonable. Another comparative example of how the awareness of the need for accuracy would affect the level of error is in the measurement of volume.   If a contractor is going to repave a stretch of street with asphalt, that contractor would measure the length and width of the road, probably in feet, and the thickness required, probably in inches, and calculate the cubic yards of asphalt needed for the project.   The amount of asphalt would be, in all likelihood, measured to the nearest cubic yard.   A cook in a restaurant adding water to potatoes is going to measure the amount in cups, with an accuracy that is dependent on the quality of the measuring cup.   Obviously the cook has a much greater need for a higher level of accuracy than the contractor. REFERENCES Giancoli, D. C. (2005).   Physics.   (6th ed., pp. 5-7).   Upper Saddle River:   Pearson Prentice Hall.   

Health Care in the United States and Affordable Care Act

C4C Haylie Stanat POL SCI 211 – T5 14 February 2013 Healthcare in the United States Michael Tennant, a software developer and writer, questions why we should have the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. â€Å"From page 1 to page 906, ObamaCare is chock full of expensive, intrusive, and downright scary programs such as these. The law gives the federal and state governments virtually unlimited power to interfere in Americans' lives, even within the confines of our own homes† (Tennant). This act is often referred to as â€Å"Obamacare. The idea of this act first came up during the Clinton administration. They tried to develop a healthcare system just like â€Å"Obamacare† but it never went through. The system is similar and based off of what is happening in Europe, where the government controls the medical care system. Why did they want to start this? The Clinton administration believed too many people were not receiving adequate medical care and coverage. They wanted everyone to have healthcare regardless of their financial means.The socialized healthcare system has been said to intrude on the population’s right to make decisions for what their life requires and also be very costly to the people and the United States as a whole, and Tennant wants to do away with everything regarding â€Å"Obamacare†. Tennant points out that this act allows â€Å"the US government to expand its reach into the lives of its citizens. † Some of the provisions of the act allow the government home visitations by government agents, possibly including forced immunizations, and â€Å"Community Transformation Grants†.These grants are â€Å"designed to alter Americans’ lifestyles to conform to the whims of bureaucrats in Washington† (Tennant). This act seems like to Tennant, and many other advocates against Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, another way for the government to intrude on the freedom of its popula tion. Others, like Matt Welch, the editor in chief of Reason magazine, argue there are many benefits that come from this act. He points out that France has a socialized health care system and it makes treatment less expensive and more accessible.The point being made is that the system only helps in areas of service and quality. There is no intrusion on the lives of its citizens, only trying to benefit their lives. Edmund F. Haislmaier also points out that when coverage that is basic, people with special needs have to work harder to make a plan that specifically fits them. Haislmaier states, â€Å"The effects will be one-size-fitsall coverage—so that patients are not â€Å"confused† by having choices—and elimination of employers’ freedom to design their own self-insured plans. When â€Å"confused† is used, it makes one believe that the government thinks we are incapable of helping ourselves and making the right decisions for our own lives. Like Ten nant says, â€Å"It destroys individual self-reliance and, through a variety of provisions such as school-based health clinics and home visitation programs, the family unit. These are the foundations of the American Republic; without them the United States will become a society of helpless, dependent sheep with neither the desire nor the will to resist the state's relentless encroachments on our liberties. Also, if Congress expands what benefits are essential and required to be given, the more Congress will make insurers, employers, and patients pay more for these essential services provided. This brings us to our next topic: the cost Obamacare will have on the Nation’s citizens. Those for â€Å"Obamacare† say that socialized healthcare has many benefits, and these benefits are better than the standards we have in the United States today. For example, Welch says, â€Å"ObamaCare opponents often warn that a new system will lead to long waiting times, mountains of pape rwork, and less choice among doctors.Yet on all three of those counts the French system is significantly better, not worse, than what the U. S. has now. † The side that opposes also raises awareness to another flaw in the single-payer health care program. Some drugs that are life-saving are withheld from patients in countries with this health care system because these drugs are deemed â€Å"too costly. † When these people try to acquire these drugs outside the system, the government will go as far as to take their coverage away. Governments with this system are willing to do many things that affect the lives of their citizens to keep costs down.The system is also affecting businesses, small and large. Businesses with more than 50 full-time workers will be required to give their employees coverage. Most small businesses are supposed to benefit from this act. Sy Mukherjee states, â€Å"Studies have shown that Obamacare’s employer mandates will actually lower healt h spending for small businesses and only modestly increase large companies’ health care costs, all while substantially helping low-wage and working Americans receive the affordable health coverage they need. With this act, many more people will be covered, with little increase of cost to larger to businesses, and many more small businesses will have to spend less on healthcare. Throughout his article, Tennant, being biased against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, does not think that the problems can be fixed with provisions. Michael Tennant believes the act should be completely repealed by Congress and he believes they violate one of government’s key values, freedom. He suggests the act needs to also be nulled by each state; this is the only way to help the United States’ healthcare system. These problems cannot be fixed merely by modifying a clause here and a proviso there. ObamaCare needs to be repealed in full before it can metastasize into a f ull-blown single-payer system. State-by-state nullification should also be undertaken. Then we can work on dismantling the rest of the federal healthcare behemoth. These are the only cures for what ails the American healthcare system†(Tennant). In other words, Tennant does not believe anything beneficial has come from this act. It should be completely abolished, not just fixed, because according to him, these problems in the act cannot be fixed by minor adjustments.Republicans have already tried to repeal this act, 33 times as of July 11, 2012. They keeping trying to pass bills of repeal through the House of Representatives but the Democratic-dominant Senate would not do the same. If the Republicans can get a bill to be approved by the Senate, they have a chance to make a difference. Of course the bill will go to the President, who will most likely veto since it was his main idea last election, but then it will go back through Congress. If the bill can be approved once again, they can over-ride the President’s veto and repeal the act.The question is: Should the United States reap the benefits of a socialized healthcare system the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides, or should she keep the values of the Founding Fathers and not let the government control every aspect of our lives? The Constitution gives the power to the government to promote general welfare. Then again, right after that the Constitution also secures â€Å"the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity. † As Janda says, â€Å"in other words, the government exists to promote order and freedom†(55).Is the government not trying to promote order to the healthcare system we previously had, but at the same time controlling our lives and limiting the decisions we can make? The Founding Fathers relied on four principles to create the Constitution, one of these was Republicanism. According to The Challenge of Democracy, â€Å"Republicanism is a form of government in which power resides on the people†¦ † (Janda 56). The federal form of government should strong enough to maintain order but not strong enough to completely control the states or the Nation’s citizen’s freedoms. Works Cited Haislmaier, Edmund F. The Case Against Obamacare A Health Care Policy Series for the 112th Congress. † WebMemo. The Heritage Foundation, 20 Jan. 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Janda, Kenneth, Jeffrey M. Berry, Jerry Goldman, and Kevin W. Hula. The Challenge of Democracy. Third ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. Print. Mukherjee, Sy. â€Å"Five Ways Obamacare Will Help Americans Now That The Election Is Over. † Think Progress. Center for American Progress Action Fund, 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Tennant, Michael. â€Å"Health Care Reform Law Expands Government Control. † Health Care. Ed. David M. Haugen. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"The New World of ObamaCare. † New American 26. 16 (16 Aug. 2010). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. Welch, Matt. â€Å"Socialized Medicine Offers Many Advantages. † Is Socialism Harmful? Ed. Ronald D. Lankford, Jr. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"Why I Prefer French Health Care. † Reason (Jan. 2010). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. Documentation I took my paper down to the writing center and received feedback such as not to start or end a paragraph with a quote, and to fix one sentence to be unbiased.

W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

W - Essay Example Oligopoly involves a market with a limited number of sellers. Monopsony is market with several sellers and a single buyer. Chamberlin’s most outstanding contribution to imperfect competition is the theory on monopolistic competition. This theory provides that there are several consumers and producers in a market and no one has total control of the market price. There is an existence of non-price differences between products with limited barriers to entry and exit. In this market, the producers also have some level of control over prices. Chamberlin conceived production differentiation, which describes the ability of producers to charge different prices for the same product in different markets (Chamberlin 519). Robinson’s contribution to imperfect competition centers on monopsony, which was conceived in her book ‘The economics of imperfect competition’. The term is often associated with the purchase of labor where the employer possess the power to set wages which allows them to pay the workers less than their marginal productivity (Helpman 54). Alfred Marshall was an economist and the founder of neoclassical economics. Marshalls book the ‘Principles of Economics’ introduced the concepts of integrating demand, supply, cost of production and marginal utility. This book was widely used because it introduced radical changes on how to teach economics. Unlike other books, which were written is solely in paragraphs, the book incorporated diagrams to allow for better understanding. Marshall’s concepts made a significant contribution to neoclassical economics. Among these contributions is the analysis of price. According to Marshall, consumers act rationally and seek to maximize utility while producers seek maximum rewards. The equilibrium price and quantity can be determined by drawing a demand and supply curve. His analysis of price emphasized the cost of production as a

Virtual Reality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Virtual Reality - Research Paper Example At some point in 1990s other terms related to VR appears such as, virtual environment or synthetic environment (Mario Gutierrez, F Vexo, & Thalmann,). Virtual reality is considered as the most powerful human-computer interface. However a number of TV shows, magazines, newspapers and discussions have described virtual reality in many different as, well as in confusing ways (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). In terms of functionality, virtual reality is defined as the simulation of computer graphics in order to create the real looking world. The three I’s of virtual reality is immersion, interaction and imagination (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). Some people link virtual reality on the basis of devices such as the head mounted displays also known as goggles are considered as the simulators however, in recent year’s virtual reality is not conducted via head mounted displays but it is done through huge projection screens or desktop PCs (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). In the same fashion, sensin g gloves i.e. another example of virtual reality device is now being replaced by the trackballs and joysticks. Hence, virtual reality cannot be defined on the basis of devices as, new devices are being manufactured and improvement in technology is being escalated every year therefore, replacing the previous technology and devices (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). ... Display of organ reactions such as bleeding from an artery. Interactivity between objects such as surgical instruments and organs. Sensory feedback – tactile and force feedback. Definition Virtual reality is defined as the transfer of information effortlessly, efficiently and fluently from the device to the operator by means of a well-organized man made computer interface. The specific components such as head-coupled virtual images, stereoscopic displays, hap tic interfaces and position-tracking systems characterize virtual reality as a technological system. Virtual reality as illustrated by Kalawsky as: â€Å"Virtual environments are synthetic sensory experiences that communicate physical and abstract components to a human operator and participant. The synthetic sensory experience is generated by a computer system that one day may present an interface to the human sensory systems that is indistinguishable from the real physical world† (Beutel,). Another book named The Silicon Mirage defines virtual reality as â€Å"Virtual reality is a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with the computers and extremely complex data† (Beutel,). The above definitions state that the virtual reality is a group of technologies as, well as the new example of human interaction and manipulation of information. In other words, virtual reality offers its users to navigate, act together in a three dimensional computer generated environment in actual era. History The history of virtual reality starts in the late 1960s. Virtual reality (VR) was narrated as the multisensory simulation of the real world. Morton Heilig a cinematographer constructed a multisensory vehicle simulator in 1962 which was named as ‘Sensorama’ (Mario Gutierrez,

Individualism and Community Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individualism and Community - Dissertation Example The period before 1900 was characterized by an element of self-reliance. This probably because of the people involved in writing that time; the majority of the writers during this period were men. As a result of this, it is evident that most writings of the period were influenced by gender. For instance, Emerson asserts that his writing is all about himself and not what he has heard about other men (1873). In relation to his assertion, it is apparent that egotism of men influenced their ideas in writing. To emphasize the point of self-reliance, Emerson expounds on how the words of one of the painters of that period made him realize the essence of believing in oneself thought and what is in one’s heart (Emerson 1163). In relation to his assertion, one can deduce that self-reliance was a virtue of the majority of the men in the period before 1900. Decision-making was not influenced by outside forces; men believed in themselves in making decisions. The art of that period also enc ourages people to abide by their â€Å"spontaneous impression with good-humored inflexibility† (Emerson 1163). In relation to individualism, men emphasized on trusting oneself and the environment in which one resided. For instance, Emerson claims that great men worked through their hands, and as a result of this, he advocates the independence of solitude. Majority of the misunderstandings in the society were as a result of men’s individualism in making decisions. According to the writing by Emerson (1168), men trusted their emotion.

America's Great Indian Nations - Full Documentary Essay

America's Great Indian Nations - Full Documentary - Essay Example of the colonial powers and downward spiral of the confederacy that comprised of several Indian tribes continued without intermission, fierce resistance was offered by the Indian tribes through three major wars but they were finally subdued by the colonial powers. Their deep desire to dominate the land, what is now America, fructified. The documentary elucidates the story of six major Native American Tribes with the support of maps, artwork, scenic beauty of the land, different features related to lifestyle and culture of the Iroquois. The content of the movie is an eye-opener for the viewers in general and the students of the American history in particular. The atrocities committed by the colonial powers on the native Indians, are too horrible for the printed pages to capture. The movie is eminently suited to enrich one’s knowledge about the tribal life and their fierce loyalties. The elements that I want to apply in my life: Notwithstanding the sufferings of the Native Indians, it is no use carrying on with the process of vengeance and it is for the good of all races, whites and the African Americas and the Native Indians to live together with peaceful co-existence honoring the true spirit of the American Constitution. Moreover, every effort should be made to preserve the cultural heritage of the Native

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Art history - Essay Example Audrey Flack’s paintings are quite controversial, and she represents the many female artists out there that are taking feminism to the next level by using art to convey messages of female supremacy to the society (Brooklyn Museum, 2014). The work is that of photo realism, and she has combined different images in her work to convey the feminist message. Her work consists of a blooming rose. This rose is used to represent female genitalia, a bold move on the artists part yet very creative. Blooming roses have been occasionally used by photo artists to represent female genital organs. She would avoid having to place the real picture so as to avoid a lot of controversies, and yet placing this hidden meaning adds value to the work. The blooming rose is definitely a show of female supremacy. The organ is key in giving life to all humans hence its importance cannot be left out. The artist has also placed a ring in her work. The ring possibly represents her relationship possibly with her husband. It is amusing that the ring is also present in yet another of Audrey Flacks paintings â€Å"Jolie Madame†. The ring possibly shows the power women have over men in relationships. Although largely denied, women possibly play the largest parts in relationships from performing household chores. All of these that must be balanced for the relationship to work out. This possibly shows the dominance of women over men not only in relationships but in marriage too. An apple is also placed in the artwork. This reminds anyone viewing the work of the biblical apple that caused man to be sent from the garden of Aden as very well narrated in the story of creation. The apple represents the burgeoning female sexuality considering that through the apple Eve was able to cause her husband Adam to sin despite stern warning from their creator not to eat the apple.An orange in the

Transcultural nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transcultural nursing - Essay Example People of this organization know for sure that there are a lot of people who look forward to them. The inhabitants of those countries are abandoned by their government and by the whole world, as they think. They consider the Transcultural Nursing Society to be the only one organization in the world which can help them to stay alive. It is their last hope. The focus of this nursing training is the integration of the international and transcultural content into the training. Courses contain studying in the area of cultural dissimilarity, nursing in the other countries and international health issues and organizations, as an example. There is even a Transcultural Nursing Society. My own opinion is that such organizations should exist, because a lot of people in the world need help. And this organization was created to help people all over the world. The Transcultural Nursing Society has its mission, vision and values. The mission of the Transcultural Nursing Society is to engrave the characteristic of culturally congruent, competent, and rightful care that gives its results in perfected health and well being of people worldwide. The vision of the society is to provide nurses and other professionals that care about the health of people with necessary knowledge to assure cultural ability in practice, education research and administration. The philosophy of the society is that Transcultural nursing is a theory based on humanistic discipline projected to serve people, societies, organizations and communities. Human solicitude is sharply defined within the context of the culture. Culturally capable care can only appear when we know the culture care and it serves as the basis for significant care. Erudition is the foundation of the training of TCN.Increased educational preparation in TCN improves the training of culturally competent solicitude certification documents clearness of the talent to provide culturally established care to reach our vision; the Transcultural Nursing Society needs a stable financial base. This organization is known all over the world, but my own opinion is that not many people know about the origin of the Society, about its history. Leninger founded and became a leader of this new nursing speciality. At the XX century there was no cultural base to guide nursing actions and decisions to understand cultural deportment to provide therapeutic care. Leninger wrote the first book concerning this question and was the first human being who coined two terms, such as "transcultural nursing" and "culturally congruent care." At the University of Colorado Leninger organized the first course of Transcultural Nursing. It happened in 1966. Nowadays, Transcultural theory persists to refine and expand itself. Transcultural Nursing Society was established in 1970 as an information-sharing group. But the year of formal appearance of the organization was in 1974. Today it is well known all over the world. The priorities of the organization remained the some. Its members are very active in such transnational and national arenas as teaching, consultation, direct care, research. The organization has its official journal, which appeare d in 1989. The title of the journal is the

Developing new online e-commerce or e-business company Essay

Developing new online e-commerce or e-business company - Essay Example The business model will explain the basic business strategy and the mode of operation for the new E business plan. The business model will not be focusing on the potential revenues and the costs involved; however the methods of generating revenue through the business will be dealt with in detail. In the UK, there are a number of insurance service providers and hence many options are available to the customers. In the search for the perfect insurance, the customers collect information from various websites, visit the insurance providers or make numerous calls to enquire about the policies. This business will aim to provide a one stop service with all the details, features and prices of the various policies available in the market. PriceComparison.com, as the name indicates will focus on providing a price comparison service to the customers in the UK. The main product that will be focused will be the General Motor Insurance, along with other products such as, breakdown insurance, pet insurance, home & contents insurance as well as life insurance. Financial products such as credit cards, personal loans will also be included in the service. Utilities comparison service will also be provided as part of the service. The customer will enter the PriceComparison.com website and select the product he is interested in. The customer will then enter some of his personal details, or login, if he is an existing customer. Once the required details are entered, the customer will be prompted with questions related to the product he is interested in. Based on the details entered, PriceComparison.com will connect to the quote engines of the partners and will provide a consolidated list of all the quotes to the customer. Provision will be given to sort the details based on a number of criterion. The customer can then select the preferred provider and complete the transaction by paying the required amount in the partner’s website. This flow is illustrated in the

Service Request Essay Example for Free

Service Request Essay Section1 Complete Section 1 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. Using the Service Request SR-rm-022, analyze the HR system. Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that accomplishes the following: †¢What key stakeholders in Riordan Manufacturing would you gather requirements from? †¢Describe the information-gathering techniques and systems analysis tools you would propose for the project. †¢Identify the key factors that help ensure the information required for the project is gathered successfully. †¢Explain what project scope is and why it is important. Describe the areas of project feasibility that are examined in the analysis phase of the SCLC. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA guidelines. Submit Section 1 of the final paper. Note to Faculty: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculty members are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted. Section2 Complete Section 2 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. This week’s assignment incorporates the transition from analysis to design. Consider revising Section 1 based on faculty feedback. Note: The content of the Week Three assignment should not be changed because this assignment has been selected for the university’s Programmatic Assessment Project. As such, completed student assignments may be periodically sampled for program analysis purposes. Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that includes the following: †¢Describe the application architecture and process design. Include a high-level description of the security controls you recommend for the design of this HR system. †¢Apply the tools of systems analysis to describe the information systems architecture in terms of data, processes, interfaces, and network. You can use a Microsoft ® Visio ®diagram to draw examples of flow charts, data flow diagrams, and any other design tools. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to  the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA guidelines. Submit Section 2 of the paper. Note: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculties are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted. Section 3 Complete Section 3 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. This section incorporates the transition from design to implementation. Consider revising Sections 1 and 2 based on faculty feedback. Note: The content of the Week Four assignment should not be changed because this assignment has been selected for the university’s Programmatic Assessment Project. As such, completed student assignments may be periodically sampled for program analysis purposes. T Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that accomplishes the following: †¢Describe the implementation stage for this project. †¢Include a discussion of the six major activities for the implementation stage as described in the text: Coding Testing Installation Documentation Training Support †¢Describe in the discussion of these six activities how each activity would be specifically planned for the individual project situation. †¢Discuss the benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for the implementation stage. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA Guidelines. Compile Sections 1 through 3 into one final paper. Note: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics  have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculty members are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted.

Using Picture Books in the Secondary Classroom Essay Example for Free

Using Picture Books in the Secondary Classroom Essay There are many reasons to use picture books in middle and high school classrooms (Albright, 2002, 418). Picture books are very useful in all subject areas and all content areas that are taught to secondary students (Albright, 200, 418). There are three stages of planning and implementing that must be considered and understood when utilizing picture books in instructing older children (Albright, 2002, 419). In order to effectively use picture books during read aloud, the secondary teacher must plan, prepare and produce (Albright, 2002, 419). A teacher must plan what book will go with what lesson and ensure that the text is age appropriate (Albright, 2002, 420). The teacher must also prepare a lesson that will make use of the picture book in such a way that students will be engaged in the text within the book (Albright, 2002, 421). Finally, the teacher must produce learning using the selected picture book. In other words, the teacher must be able to observe students learning the intended outcomes while listening to and learning from the picture book (Albright, 2002, 421). â€Å"The primary focus of using picture books in higher grades is to increase students’ literacy skills and ability to analyze short stories† (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Picture books have a great deal to offer middle and high school students (Tiedt, 2000, 1). There are four major reasons why teachers should consider using picture books in teaching secondary students (Tiedt, 2000, 1). The first is that picture books are useful resources for promoting good classroom discussions (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Second, picture books provide engaging models for teaching writing (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Third, students can improve their oral language skills as they read out loud, performance dramatic reenactions and tell stories (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Fourth, can use picture books as models to write their own picture books and therefore enhancing their own individual creativity (Tiedt, 2000, 1). There are many reasons why picture books are so useful and should be incorporated into secondary classrooms (Young, 1). The themes of many picture books are appropriate for all ages and they include many genres that cover topics of importance to students of all ages (Young, 1997, 1). Second, many new picture books are published each year and older students may not have had the benefit of reading these new books. Using new picture books in secondary school settings exposes older students to resources they may otherwise have missed as new picture books incorporate better artwork and more high quality metaphor and description (Young, 1997, 1). Third, picture books are incorporating many more real world events and topics than they have in the past. For example, more picture book writers are writing about such issues as war, global warming and nuclear destruction (Young, 1997, 1). Fourth, the short format of books allows for easy incorporation into lessons. The material in short picture books is easy for secondary students to comprehend and therefore students are able to quickly grasp the subject so they can move on towards creatively applying the material to the topic or subject being studied (Young, 1997, 1). Finally, picture books the pictures in picture books can be used as a comprehension aid for secondary students (Young, 1997, 1). In the current age of television and video games, secondary students have become accustomed to using pictures to make connections so picture books build on this ability. The visual cues in pictures allow students to easily comprehend what they are reading and use those applications in the lesson material (Young, 1997, 1). One subject where picture books can be enormously useful is in math (Spicer, 2004, 1). Typically, picture books that discuss math concepts are only used in the primary levels of school. However, there are a great many picture books that can get even high school students excited about math (Spicer, 2004, 1). For example, elementary school students will gain a firm grasp on geometric concepts when reading Sir Cumference and the First Round Table. The book details the efforts of Sir Cumference and his son Radius, in showing the knights how they can all sit peacefully at a square table (Spicer, 2004, 1). High school students would enjoy the silliness of this book as well as reviewing basic geometry concepts (Spicer, 2004,1). Similarly, there are many picture books that can be applied to high school life. One good example is The Dot and the Line: A Romance in Lower Mathematics. This book is about a love triangle. The straight line is in love with the dot that is in love with the squiggle. By the end of the story, high school students will learn that when a line bends a little, a vector is created (Spicer, 2004, 1). Students of all ages love picture books (Spicer, 2004, 1). There are many fun and easy ways to incorporate picture books into secondary math lessons (Spicer, 2004, 1). Students can choose a book from a list provided by the teacher and write a report about the math concepts included in the story (Spicer, 2004, 1). They can also write mathematical sequels or prequels to books that are read aloud in class (Spicer, 2004, 1). Utilizing picture books as part of math lessons will ensure that weeks later secondary students recall both the story and the lesson (Spicer, 2004, 1). Another way that picture books are useful in the secondary classroom is in assisting struggling readers (McEwan, 2007, 1). Generally, high school students read very long and complex textbooks (McEwan, 2007, 1). The problem lies in the fact that struggling readers cannot use these textbook to learn because they are not fluent enough readers (McEwan, 2007, 1). Therefore, picture books can help struggling readers become better readers at the same time that they are learning the same concepts as the other students (McEwan, 2007, 1). In addition, background knowledge is important when teaching nonfiction concepts to secondary school students (McEwan, 2007, 1). Easy nonfiction books should be collected and provided to students who need alternative resources when textbooks are too challenging for them (McEwan, 2007, 1). Further, when students gain the necessary background knowledge and learn key concepts through reading easy nonfiction picture books, they are able to gain the confidence to try the more challenging textbook material (McEwan, 2007, 1). In order to assist struggling readers, a comprehensive list of nonfiction picture books aimed at math, science and other subjects should be compiled and made available to teachers and students (McEwan, 2007, 1). Writing is another subject area where picture books provide an enormous benefit to secondary students (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books are a readily available but untapped resource that many secondary teachers are just beginning to discover (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books can be highly visual and motivating in teaching students to become better writers (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books can be used as models to help writing students organize their thoughts in meaningful ways, to explore new topics and share different viewpoints about various topics (Culham, 2000, 1). Using picture books can show students how other authors use word choice, and editing to create a polished piece of written work (Culham, 2000, 1). In addition, picture books can enable students to use a small amount of text to find a large amount of meaning (Culham, 2000, 1). There are a wide variety of topics available in using picture books and these topics can inspire creativity in writing students (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books explore current and relevant topics that can further enhance writing ideas (Culham, 2000, 1). Finally, picture books can often inspire fresh creativity about old ideas that can lead to better writing (Culham, 2000, 1). Social studies is another area where picture books can be easily incorporated into lesson plans (Young, 1997, 1). The study of people places and cultures are natural compliments to picture books (Young, 1997, 1). The true life events of the past and present can be portrayed through the eyes of the characters and current events can be explored (Young, 1997, 1). Events such as World War II, the Vietnam War and Paul Revere’s ride teach about these historical events in easy to follow formats (Young, 1997, 1). In addition, current events such as homelessness can be described through short picture books that incorporate pictures and text to convey the seriousness of such issues (Young, 1997, 1). Science can very easily incorporate picture books (Young, 1997, 1). An obvious example would be the Magic School Bus series that explores various science concepts through and elementary classroom and its use of the magic school bus to take field trips (Young, 1997, 1). These books explore science concepts that are easy for elementary school students to understand but are also relevant to secondary school students as they provide good introductions into science concepts that can then be built upon (Young, 1997, 1). These books provide a way to explore science through the eyes of children and include a great many side notes and text that describe such concepts as the solar system, the human body, the earth and the water cycle (Young, 1997, 1). Finally, picture books can be successfully incorporated into vocabulary lessons (Bartell, 2005, 57). In fact, picture books can be used as an alternative to traditional vocabulary instruction (Bartell, 2005, 57). Traditional vocabulary instruction often makes students copy words and their definitions into notebooks but picture books allow students to as models to create their own picture books. The use of alphabet books gives students the creative ideas necessary to write their own text and therefore increase vocabulary as they write (Bartell, 2005, 57). The nature of picture books allow for high levels of vocabulary and the illustrations provide further avenues for students to make connections between pictures and words (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books in the hands of skilled language arts teachers can create lessons of extraordinary educational value (Young, 1997, 1). The content of the picture books are important in increasing secondary students reading and writing abilities but their value goes far beyond this content (Young, 1997, 1). The pictures used in children’s literature can also help students build awareness of language as well as explore illustrations as a way to communicate meaning in a non intimidating way (Young, 1997, 1). Therefore, teachers need to be cautious when choosing picture books to incorporate into lesson plans. They must choose picture books based on the quality of the art and the quality of the text (Young, 1997, 1). The pictures and the text need to work together to provide a comprehensive book that will be easily incorporated into the lesson plan (Young, 1997, 1). In order to successfully picture books into secondary classrooms, some important changes need to be made (Young, 1997, 1). The first is the attitude that picture books are children’s literature. Instead, picture books should simply be viewed as literature (Young, 1997, 1). Once this attitude is changed then educators can start seeing the curriculum opportunities that picture books offer (Young, 1997, 1). Picture books entertain students and provide information about a wide variety of topics that can then lead to a greater understanding of the world (Young, 1997, 1). Picture books are another tool that literacy teachers should know about, have access to and incorporate into their lesson plans (Young, 1997, 1). Teachers have been reading aloud to elementary school students for centuries (Guignon, 2001, 1). Research has shown the value of reading out loud to emerging readers (Guignon, 2001, 1). However, once a child learns to read on his or her own, being read to out loud often decreases or stops altogether (Guignon, 2001, 1). Reading aloud to students of any age helps them improve the important literacy skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening (Guignon, 2001, 1). Students listen to stories read out loud on a higher level then they read on their own and so hearing stories read out loud stimulates their understanding of vocabulary and language patterns (Guignon, 2001, 1). There are some important guidelines for teachers when reading out loud to secondary students (Guignon, 2001, 1). The first is that the teacher and students must make time to discuss the story in order to expand student understanding of the topic the story covers (Guignon, 2001, 1). Second, the illustrations should be used to encourage prediction and interpretation. Using the illustrations can add to the students’ understanding of the events in the story (Guignon, 2001, 1). Third, read out loud gives students the opportunity to learn more about different authors and illustrators. It also allows them to look forward to reading other books by favorite authors (Guignon, 2001, 1). Fourth, hearing picture books read out loud gives students the chance to relate the stories to their own experiences (Guignon, 2001, 1). Finally, reading out loud brings in more curriculum related topics that are of special interest to the class (Guignon, 2001, 1). Teachers are often wary of presenting controversial and private topics into their curriculum and instruction (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books provide an outlet for these issues by presenting the material in non threatening way (Bartell, 2005, 57). Secondary students are often facing many stressors as they are not quite grown yet but are no longer children. Their bodies are changing as are the nature of their social situations (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books provide a way for students to explore the issues that present themselves at this point in life by exposing them to characters going through similar experiences (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books are short and get right to the point so they provide an easy way to show secondary students how to deal with situations that they are experiencing (Bartell, 2005, 57).

Mamee Double Decker Went Global Marketing Essay

Mamee Double Decker Went Global Marketing Essay The purpose of this assignment is to analyze and study the marketing case in Malaysia, particularly, a Malaysian company must be chosen and our choice of company is Mamee Double Decker Berhad. Various aspect of study under the subject matter has been considered. This includes the target marketing mix considerations which is the product, pricing, promotion and distribution decision. Target market analysis is also included. In order to analyze the internal and external problem facing the company, we have done a SWOT analysis (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat)This is to highlight and raise several problem or issue facing the company locally or internationally. Market research on comsumer behavior and compettion have also been carried out through a survey questionnaires and the summary or report of the summary have also been done. Mamee Double Decker Went Global Background of the company The company chosen for this case analysis is Mamee Double-Decker Malaysia Berhad.. Mamee was founded in 1971 by Datuk Pan Ching Hin and headquartered in Malacca. Mamee Double Decker is Malaysia food processing, snack and diary product company. It mainly produces and sells instant noodles, snack, confectionery and beverages. Mamee Double Decker not only sells its product locally but had penetrated the international market as well. Today Mamee products are exported all around the world to more than 80 countries and area it serve includes Asia, Middle East, Africa, America, Europe and Oceania. Products produced by mamee are popular and well known to most households especially children. Marketing practice from Islamic perspective When mamee first came into existence its product are only mamee monster noodle snack and double decker snack.. Mamee later had gain recognition from several countries because of its distinct and unique feature of the snack that is square-ish noodle like and the adorable face of monster on its packaging while the double-decker snack , is a flavored snack with a choice of prawns chicken and cheese. The company then goes through a major diversification when it produces carbonated drink under the brand cheers. Mamee instant noodle later was produced. However different instant noodles are provided to cater different countries, For example mamee bihun, express noodles, and mi goreng are only available in Malaysia as it suits the mlaysian taste, while these products are not made for the overseas market. The company had produced mamee oriental noodles for outside market. Marketing Mix Consideration Decission made by the company regarding to the price, promotion and distribution are the marketing mix consideration in making a decision. . Product decision. Initially, mamee mainly focus in producing snacks, but it had diversify its product in producing beverages such as soft drinks, cultured drinks and recently the new products by mamee a juice under the brand Rio Fiesta a healthier options for drinks produced by mamee. All product produced by mamee comply to the standards required. The company had obtained Hazzard Analysis and Crtical Control Poiint (HACCP) certificate. This obtainment of this certificate means that mamee had adhered to food safety from raw material production, procurement and handling, manufacturing, distribution and the consumption of the finished product. From Islamic point of view, mamee had free from gharar or uncertainty by providing adequate products description and specification of all its product. This includes complete labeling and nutritios information, ingredient used and its expiry date. At the same time other products evolve in the market under mamee double decker are nutrigen, is acultured drink for children. Mister Potato was out of the market later after that, Now, Mister Potato had officially become the global snack partner with Manchester United. Latest product by Mamee double decker is corntoz, corntoz is a crunchy snack came with different flavours and shapes. The main concern under this food processing, beverages and diary product industry is about the whether the product are halal (permitted). Since this company mainly sell their products in Malaysia and in other Muslim countries, therefore mamee double decker product must be certified halal. As reported in Malaysia Halal Directory Mamee double decker had obtained the halal certificate for all of their products. Their products are free from additives made from animal sources that are forbidden in Islamic Law. Stabilizers, Emulsion and colouring used in their production process are deemed as halal. Promotional Activities Mamee Double Decker, like many other companies in this competitive environment are driven to adapt an aggressive promotional strategies in order to gain market share.Mamee Douible Decker had use various promotional tools including advertising and sales promotion to capture the market. As reported in The Star newspaper July 17 2002, Rm40 million was allocated solely for promotional activities in Malaysia. On the same year, mamee had made an aggressive advertising in Myanmar and china to create brand awareness to familiarize their products in these markets. Recently, mamee had become an official snack partner with Manchaster United. This joint-venture is important as it aims to boost its market share in Asia. One of the interesting activities that has been carried out through this partnership was The Ultimate Manchester United Experience contest. Lucky winners had been treated to a trip to Manchester united to meet their favourite football players. Mamee had also use Malaysia local celebrities, such as Mawi, Felix and Amalyea as ambassadors for mamee sllrpp products in Malaysia. In the recent festive season hari raya, Malaysia celebrity Shahizi sam was featured in mamee sllrrp advertistment and they had conduct a mamee kusayang contest. This shows that mamee double decker had made several aggressive promotion activities throughout the years. Its promotional activities adhere to the basic Islamic principle of business and mamee had ensure its product reach the target market in all around the world. Any promotional activities to stimulate the demand from consumers are permissible as long as it does not exaggerating or breaching the Islmaic principle. Activities like free samples, cash rebates, joint promotion and contest conducted by mamee are therefore deemd permissible. Pricing Decission Pricing of mamee product are reasonable and affordable for the interest of all.This pricing strategy enables it to capture the market share of various market segments. For example in Malaysia, mamee monster snack only cost 30cents and mamee Double decker snack cost only RM2.50. Mamee had made no price discrimination for all of its product. The company Charge same price for same good irrespective of different markets. Therefor mamee pricing strategy is considered fair(Adil) and just. Distribution The distribution channels of mamee food and beverages in Malaysia consist of three stages (producer,retailer,consumer). Mamee which is the producer will sell its products in bulks to retailers (Giants, Tesco,etc) , and eventually retailers will sell it to the consumers. In international level, the distribution are being done through appointed subsidiaries. Mamee has favourable acess to distribution networks in Malaysia. Mamee Double Decker has 13 distribution centres and have about 150 vans for deliveries to about 1000 point of sales. Mamee Double Decker currently has five manufacturing facilities in Malaysia and one in Myanmar. Mamee double decker have centralized marketing and distribution system while mamee have assigned an export manager in each manufacturing subsidiary. . There are three companies under Mamee Double Decker responsible in producing each of their respective lines and products for example snack food and chilled products (KMM), instant noodles (PP) and beverages (MDDB). Target Market Analysis Target Market Mamee Double Decker (M) Berhad is good in quality and unique brand which targeted to all group of people according to the product offered. As the company began with a single product and consistently grown to 50 products, targeted people become more. The product that already household names, for example, Mamee Monster, Mamee Instant and slurp, and Mamee snacks, are targeted to people whose age is from 6 to 30 years old. In addition, students also being targeted because most of the time they need snacks and drinks while studying to get away the stress especially female students. They always need something to chew and eat during study time or after lecture. The second group of people that Mamee Double Decker (M) Berhad will target is people with healthy lifestyle. This is in line with the recent product addition that is Nutrigen Cultured Milk Drink. Geographically, the company will focus on every area that has grocery shop, petrol station or shopping complex. Moreover, people from lower income to higher income will be targeted as well because of the reasonable price and within their budget. From the family structure perspective, a mother with atleast 5 childrens, usually will buy more groceries and household products. Children love to have snacks like Potato Chips, Potato Crisps and Cheer Beverage because the products are very convenient and it comes with different taste based on their preferences. Furthermore, the company targeted people who like to spend their spare time with picnic and party. It is very clear that the size of the companys target market is very large and high. Everyone may be used and consume the product offered because it comes with varieties of food, snacks, beverages, instant noodles and to name a few. SWOT analysis Strength One of the strength pose by Mamee Double Decker (M) Berhad is as reported in recent mamee double decker (M) Berhad annual report, the company had experienced 57.3% growth of profit before tax from 9.6 million. Mamee Double Decker(M) Berhad strength also lies in its ability to expand their business network by penetrating into new exports market. This is proved to be true as mamee experienced a growth of 6.2% in 2002 in its effort to venture to new exports market. The second strength of mamee is it has a good reputation among customers, since has become part of the choice made by household largely in Malaysia, mamee so far had not fail to impress its consumers all over the world by providing a tip-top service from the process of production to distribution, we can see that mamee products reach consumer easily as it is easily available in store from a small grocery store to large super markets. The third strength of mamee double decker is we can say that it has a quite strong brand name as according to their annual report, mamee had won several awards locally and internationally. The two local awards that mamee has honoured to receive are first, the chief minister awards for Promising local Company Awards in recognition of Mamee Double Decker Berhad (M) to local industries and the second award is by Malaysian Manufacturer packaging Council of Malaysia, given to one of Mamee Double Decker (M) Berhad product, that is Nutrigen Liteyo. Internationally, mamee had also been rewarded internationally recognized ISO 9002 togethe riwth China Awards Certificates. Weakness This includes the internal and external problem of Mamee Double Decker (M) berhad. The external problem pose by this company is as reported in the star newspapers 2007, mamee has not yet succeed in gaining a market share in China as there is a negative growth in Mamee double decker operation in China particularly,Mamee Double-Decker Food(Suzhou)Co. Ltd, demand for Mamee in China is low, thus generating low sales and revenue and consequently the company had incurred higher loss. however the company did not loose hope and have confidence in its China operation and Mmaee had appointed a consultant to resolve this issue. The second external problem face by Mamee is high dependency of raw material from Europe as such when there is a rise in Euro against USD the mamee double-decker earnings is affected since some of mamee products ingredients such as Mister potatao crips are imported from Europe, ,thus when the price of raw material increases, this gives pressure to its profit margin. In order to overcome this problem, mamee needs to do more reaseach and development to reduce its dependency from outside. One internal problem in mamee double decker lies in its small number of manufacturing facilities, considering that mamee products are marketed all over the world, with only five manufacturing facilities , limited production can be made per day. If mamee want to extend its product line, it will be restricted as there is a limited space for production. Oppurtunity Since now consumer are becoming more health conscious, one opportunity for mamee double decker is to come up with a product that is more healthy as it will give customer a more options for healthy good food. Mamee double decker plans to obtain health food supplier in an effort to expands its product line.Mamee had identified several suppliers and the company plans to negotiates with this suppliers in providing health supplies of food Threat As customer becoming more educated and conscious about the food they consume, consumer tend to compare prices and quality of products with other brands. Currently in market there are various brands and product they offered similar to Mamee double decker. Thus, the threat of mamee double decker is the competitors in market like for example, Munchys, nestle, unilever foods. Mamee do not only pose an internal threat, external threat in terms of competitors in china is also obvious. Mamee face a greater threat and especially in Shanghai, this is due to the complexity of market in China in addition to variety of snack food products produced by them. IN Shanghai, mamee had to face competitors that have a greater market share like. REPORT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FOR MAMEE DOUBLE-DECKER In order to evaluate the consumers preferences on Mamee Double-Decker products, a survey has been conducted within a population of 100 respondents and 30 out 100 were taken as a sample to this research. There were 17 male and 15 female involved in this sample. A set of 22 questions were asked during the survey session which majority of the respondents came from different background and the survey were conducted online. Before the surveys were taken in place, a short description of the company was given so that the respondents somehow know what they would be expecting during the session. Questions were separated into three parts started with the personal background information then likert scale questions which evaluate their decision making in making purchases and the last part of the questionnaire cover their own given answer accordingly. Result follow suits right after the research conducted was done. Majority of the respondents were Malays which covers 91percent of the total sample taken. This is explained by the major ethnic in Malaysia is Malay followed by Chinese with 6percent and others 3percent. As for income level, most of the respondents categorized as middle class earners because their income level is range between RM1001 to RM3000 with 47percent are in this group while the remaining 44percent belongs to lower income earner like students and jobless teenagers. Within this sample, most of the respondents are in their bachelor degree staying in urban area and living single life which eventually led them to such consumption with the ration of 63:84:97 for all categories. 84percent of these respondents also admit that they enjoyed eating snack food and beverages with a typical consumption of 1 to 2 packs a day. Why this happening is because during the earlier age like teenagers in university, they are prone to having a quick and light food as on the go. This somehow explained the viability of the result. When it comes to factors to decision making questions, the result was significantly expected. Almost all the respondents agreed that they are very cautious in choosing their favourite snack foods and beverages because this factor has to do with their taste buds. While pricing became the second factor that influenced the decision making; 35percent agreed that price do play a vital role in their purchasing power. Morever, 55percent of the respondents were also somewhat agreed that Mamee Double-Decker do became their preferred brand and offer wide range of products under one roof with their given competitive pricing on the products compared to other brands. So most likely consumers can easily make decision in making purchases and less confusion. Unfortunately, Mamee Double-Decker wasnt still at the par in offering good taste for their products because only 47percent out of the total respondents were somewhat agree with the companys taste performance but the remaining disagree with it. However, 41percent of the respondents agreed that Mamee products are reachable in the market which eases them in making purchases. Majority of the respondents bought Mister Potatoes and Mamee Monster snack which are two of the most popular snack foods from Mamee Double-Decker and they usually bought it at convenience stores like 7-eleven and hypermarkets like Tesco. As for substitution for Mamee brand, they usually go for Jack n Jill brand and Nestle which are two of the top snack foods and beverages producers in the world. Thus this is threat for Mamee Double-Decker because of the stiff competition from these giant producers. Mamee Double-Decker should improve their products taste and perhaps packaging in order to stay competitive in the market despite having cheaper price strategy. In a nutshell, Mamee Double-Decker is a proud home-grown snack foods and beverages producer that went global. However, Mamee Double-Decker cannot be relied truly on domestic markets with their currents products either domestic market or international market, instead they should keep doing product development program in order to come out with new line of foods and beverages that suits the preference of the consumers worldwide. REPORT ON COMPETITION FOR MAMEE DOUBLE-DECKER A survey has been conducted in order to evaluate the competition for Mamee Double-Decker products. Mamee-Double Decker (M) Bhd, which has made a name for itself with its snacks and confectionery products. A survey with a population of 50 was targeted and a sample of 30 was chosen for this research. Respondent consiste of 16 males and 14 females.The survey was a close ended survey requiring customers to answer a multiple chouce question with a 5 asnwer options. A set of 15 questions have been asked regarding their brand preferences. Mamee Double Decker have various competitors on market for example, Munchys, Nestle, Unilver Food. Under this company they too had offered various consumer or food products for example, maggi, a brand for instant noodle.Mamee to had rival branding for their beverages particularly cultured drink, for example, nutrigen cultured drink are competing against other various brands like yakult, vitagen and solivite. In a brief summary, 40% of respondents are quite loyal and repeat buyer for mamee products while 60% of them are somewhat in a middle as they also have other preferences and branding in buying consumer goods products. Based on the survey conducted, consumer prefers brand yakult and vitagen more compared to nutrigen which come from Mamee products. This is believe due to the reason that yakult are better in terms of quality as they contain probiotics . On the other hand their champions products like Mamee Monster, Mamee Noodles, Mister Potato, Double Decker and Nicolet Swiss Herb Candy are more preferred by consumers. In a survey, 65% od consumers prefer more of these products because of it tastes and the prices are affordable as compared to other products such as Pringles, Indo Mee, Maggi and etc. However, the remaining percentage of 35% do prefer other snacks brands like Pringles,Lays, Doritos as they may have perceive this brand are better in quality and tastier compared to mamee products. .

Triangular trade :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaves and slave trade has been an important part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very important part of its development. It even carried on to almost 200 years of the United States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was an important part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangular trade. It is referred to as triangular trade because it consists of trade with Africa, the thirteen colonies, and England. These three areas are commonly called the trades â€Å"three legs.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first leg of this trade was merchants from Europe bringing refined goods to Africa to trade for slaves. The merchants traded with chiefs and high authority leaders. The chiefs pretty much could and would trade whomever they pleased, there was no restriction regarding who the slaves were.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the second leg of this trade slaves were transported to the West Indies, this leg was called the middle passage. This part was horrible for the slaves. About 50% of all the slaves on one ship would not make it to the West Indies because of disease or brutal mistreatment. Hundreds of men, woman and children were cramped together for most of the journey, occasionally able move an almost decent amount.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the third leg of the journey slaves were traded for sugar, molasses and other products. Those products were shipped to Europe or other European colonies in the Americas. The slaves in the West Indies were then sold to whomever wanted to buy some.

Dealing With Stress in Life Essay -- Expository Essay

The times that hair-pulling seems to prevail over other activities in life. The hair pulling is just one symptom of stress. Everyone will at some point in their life come across stress. Stress is our learning of the environmental events and accommodating to coincide. Some symptoms to mention that can be noticed are being irritable and tired from not sleeping well, unable to concentrate, and having emotional outbursts. Different types of stress that exist can fall under a category of stressors including appraising, conflict, defenses, frustration, learned helplessness, micro, nature of threat, and urban. An appraising stressor is how we determine if an event of life is stressful in a sense of threat or if a chance at a challenge. Conflict happens when someone has to choose what to do, being influenced by contradictory needs, desires, motives or demands. The frustration stressor is when something or maybe someone is preventing a goal from being reached causing a negative mental statue. Learned helplessness can be thought of as something to look forward to at a given time and when t...

Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay -- essays research papers fc

Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticed that both Goodman Brown and Paul are starved for attention, but in different ways. Next, I see that each character has issues with their past and are both trying desperately to overcome them. Finally, I found that each character’s main goal in life was the desire to become something outstanding in their communities. Each of these points is evidence that although similar, each character has many different views on how to accomplish their goals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, we will start with Goodman Brown. He is the main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story titled â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. â€Å"Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society† (McCabe). I think that Hawthorne’s own past is and complications are reveled in his story about Goodman Brown. I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and is trying to reach beyond his past in order to reach heaven. Goodman has some major problems with his wife, Faith, and everyone else in his community. I think that he is seeing everyone as perfect people, but he is having impure thoughts about himself and his past. In order to deal with these problems within himself, he is making up that everyone has this awful bad side. When he goes into the forest, he believes he is talking to the devil with looks much like his grandfather. The devil is feeding him bad thoughts about everyone he knows, even his own father and his wife Fai th. Next, I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and in order for him to overcome this within himself he must search for attention. This attention may not be needed from his wife or community members, I believe it is needed from him. He is feeling overwhelmed with obligations from his wife and peers that he has no time to decide whether this type of life is right for him. So, in search for the answer to his questions about life, he turns to the devil and takes his... ...become anything he dreamed about becoming in his life he thought he should move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reviewing both, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s and Willa Cather’s short stories, I believe that although similar in some ways, Goodman Brown and Paul are far more different than what we might expect. Both have similar characteristics, and even may share the same problems, but these two characters are two very different people, from very different periods of time. Works Cited Cather, Willa â€Å"Paul’s Case: A Study in Temperament†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://unx1.shsu.edu/~eng_wpf/authors/Cather   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 Hawthorne, Nathaniel â€Å"The Text of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 McCabe, Michael E. â€Å"The Consequences of Puritan Depravity and Distrust as Historical Context for Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/facualty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004

Gardening: Plant and Garden

One of my earliest fascinations in life was watching things grow; Observing tiny seemingly lifeless seeds turn into overgrown fruit-bearing vegetation was to me simply remarkable. My mom had a garden in the back yard and I would always help her tend to it. I used to pretend I was a farmer working on my land. Every morning I would be so filled with excitement as I went out back to check on my crops. As I grew older and made some friends I gradually lost my enthusiasm for growing veggies. However, this past spring I did not attend school and had some time on my hands, so I decided to try and revive an old flame of mine. Gardening. The following is a guide on how to start and manage a garden devised from my own experience on â€Å"the farm†. First let me make clear that in order to have an aesthetically pleasing and bountiful garden it takes a lot of work. There is constant maintenance that is required. You have to want to take care of it. If a garden is not properly tended to your plants will die and be overrun by unwanted weeds/pests. To begin your first task should be to select an appropriate spot for your garden. When selecting the perimeters of your garden keep in mind that you want a relatively sunny spot year round. For instance if you choose a spot in March when the trees are bare it might be sunny but, in June when the surrounding trees are covered in leaves they may overshadow your garden. Some shade is okay but, to get the best results from your garden pick a spot that your fairly certain is sunny or will be sunny most of the time. Make sure your spot has good drainage; if the area where you’re considering putting your garden regularly floods it is not the best place for a garden. Another decision you need to make is whether to use raised beds or not. A raised bed is basically an open box filled with soil usually about 6 inches tall. This year I tried a raised bed garden and found that it has some advantages: It basically eliminated regular weeding (which can be a chore), it kept many pests away from my veggies, and it looked nice. However, raised beds do require more initial labor to set up and are more costly compared to traditional gardens. So now that you’ve found your spot it’s time to plan what you want to grow. Figure out what type of garden you want. Do you want to grow Vegetables? Herbs? Flowers? Or perhaps a combination of the three? I prefer growing vegetables because it’s always rewarding to eat the fruit of your labor. This year I found that tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, lettuce, eggplant, beans, and zucchini all do very well in raised beds. But, certain vegetables that require lots of space like pumpkins or watermelon do not. Now that you figured out what you’re going to grow plot out on some scrap paper where you will plant your crops in your garden. Keep in mind that certain plants need more space than others. When you buy your seeds read the plant spacing instructions carefully. You don’t want to plant anything outside before the last frost because it will kill your seedlings. By May (in southern New York) it’s safe to plant your seeds directly in the ground. Read the instructions on the back of each seed packet to know exactly when and how deep to sow them. If you want a head start you could even go to your local nursery and pick out some baby plants. When you’re transplanting from a container make sure that you water the plant before taking it out because you could damage the roots, so be gentile. Once your plants are in the ground it’s important that you take appropriate precautions to keep away pests and critters. The raised beds will keep away most insects and small animals but if you have gophers, rabbits, and deer in your neighborhood you will need a fence. Once the fence is in place most of the hard work is over. Just make sure you regularly water your plants, especially during summer’s hottest days. As well make sure you pluck any weeds that appear. By June your garden will be in full bloom. And once July/August comes around your veggies will be ready to harvest. Reflecting back on this year’s garden makes me feel accomplished. I’m glad I took the initiative to once again be a gardener. It was a lot of work but, the rewards were definitely worth it. There is nothing like some home grown veggies. I felt like a little kid again when I was anxiously checking on my garden each mourning. I am definitely going to have a garden again this spring. If you want to experience something truly satisfying and you have the time, I would highly recommend you try having a garden too.

The Issue of Student Preparedness

The article titled â€Å"Teaching Responsibility† deals with the issue of student preparedness after high school. The article brings up the recent case of Jonathan Govias who is suing his private high school stating that the school did not prepare him for university. The article goes on to give two examples, one in Virginia and one in Ontario of how these types of problems are being dealt with. The editor agrees s that the school system should be held more responsible for its graduates, but makes it clear that lawyers only complicate matters. I believe that Jonathan Govias† case should be heard in a court of law due to the fact that schools have a certain responsibility and if it is not met then something needs to be done about it. I am in total disagreement with the Ontario†s school plan to get rid of this problem and am a total fan of the Virginia pilot project, because unlike the Ontario plan they are actually looking to help the students and not their own pockets. After dropping out of his first year engineering program at the university of Alberta, Jonathan Govias decided to sue his alma mater for a total of $140,000 claiming that the school failed to fully prepare him for what university had in store for him. Jonathan attended a private school, and as we all know private schools charge a large amount of money in order to provide a better education for its students. That is why parents enroll their children in private schools. Jonathan after graduating got accepted in the engineering program, which is a hard program to get into since a high average is necessary. Private education costs money, therefore making it a business that provides services and like any other business should be held responsible if their services fail, or does not meet the standard that the school promises to meet. I believe that the school is very much responsible for Jonathan†s post secondary education. Private schools take pride in the fact that they can provide a better education than public schools and that they prepare their students with the tools they need to survive in the university world. It is also important to note that this case has not yet been decided in favor of Jonathan and that Jonathan should be given a chance to prove himself. The fact that this action against the private school is taking place shows that Jonathan has just cause for his decision to take his case before the judge. The next area the editor deals with is what Ontario is doing to solve the problem of student preparedness. A key performance indicator review will soon be in effect. This review will look at the employment rate of the former students as well as a survey of what employers think of the quality of the graduates. In the end it is said that up to six percent of a college†s provincial government funding will be affected by these results. This way the schools with successful students will get more funding, where as the schools who do not do well will be faced with cutbacks. Cutbacks in any way shape or form are a bad thing. We are already facing cutbacks in the elementary, junior high and high school levels. These cutbacks are the direct reason for the lack of student preparedness, and now community colleges are in for it. It is interesting that Ontario is going to enforce these rules to community colleges and not to universities. I would like to know why. I do not see how cutbacks are going to help a college that already is not doing well. You might as well shut the school down because with these cutbacks that Ontario has in store for the colleges, the school might as well close its doors. On the other hand Virginia has come up with an idea that will help its students. In order for the schools to be held accountable they have come up with a pilot project that provides its students with educational warranties. This way if a student requires remedial education within two years, the school board will cover the costs. This is how Virginia is dealing with the graduate†s lack of basic skills. This plan by Virginia seems to me to be a better way to make a difference, and shows that they are putting their students first. First thing I would like to point out is that the plan by Virginia is a pilot project, meaning that it is currently at its test phase, therefore we must wait for the results to see if it is a plan to be adopted by all school board districts. With that in mind the pilot project is still a great idea. For one it holds the schools responsible for their actions and keeps a close eye on the schools performance but does not have cut backs in mind. Students are now given a second chance to make things right. It is known that the high school years are hard on adolescence and that many find it hard to cope with the changes that are constantly taking place. Unlike the Ontario plan this projects does not close any doors on its students. The pilot project undertaken in Virginia gets the thumbs; up because it puts the students first by providing them with a chance at a good education, which in the end is the soul purpose of an educational institution. â€Å"Study hard† parents tell you. All your life you hear that in order to succeed in life you must study hard, get a good education and make something of yourself. One must not forget that the school is also responsible for its actions and responsible for providing a usable education. Unfortunately these days the high school diploma does not matter much to people, it is the post-secondary piece of paper that counts. Well obviously one needs a proper high school education in order to be able to survive in the post-secondary world. We as a society need to be concerned with the lack of student preparedness. These students lacking basic skills are going to run the future world. We need to nip this problem through the use of projects such as the one introduced in Virginia. As we enter the millenium, we need to understand that investments in our future are crucial. By providing a better education we prepare our children for all the advancements that we are headed for.

Pow 13 Imp 1 Corey Camel

POW #13 Corey Camel Problem Statement: Corey the Camel has a small banana grove in the desert, her harvest this year was 3,000 bananas. The market where Corey sells her bananas is 1,000 miles away. Corey has to walk to the market to sell her bananas, for each mile Corey walks, she eats one banana. Corey can only carry 1,000 bananas at a time. In this POW the goal is to find the number of bananas that Corey can get to the market. Process: To find the answer to this POW I did the mini POW, as suggested. I used the same process for POW 13, as I did for the mini POW.The process is as follows: 1. Corey starts the trip with 1,000 bananas. 2. She travels 200 miles, she’s left with 800 bananas. She stashes 600 bananas at 200 mile point, keeping 200 the trip back. 3. Corey picks up another 1,000 bananas. 4. She travels 200 miles, she has 800 left. She then picks up 200 from the bananas stashed. She now carries 1000 bananas and has 400 more stashed. 5. She travels an additional 333 1/3 miles, she’s left with 666 2/3 bananas, she stashes 333 1/3 there (533 1/3 mile point), she has 333 1/3 bananas left. 6. She then travels back 333 1/3 miles to 200 mile point.She has no bananas left, so picks up 200 stashed (leaving 200 still at 200 mile point), and travels back to the grove, 200 miles away. 7. She picks up another 1,000 bananas at the grove. 8. She travels to the 200 mile point, leaving her with 800 bananas, she picks up remaining 200 stashed. 9. With 1,000 bananas, she travels 333 1/3 miles to 533 1/3 mile point, she is then left with 666 2/3 bananas. 10. She picks up all 333 1/3 that were stashed there 11. She’s back at 1000 bananas 12. She makes remaining 466 2/3 mile trip, 1000-466 2/3 = 533 1/3 bananas left to sell at the market.Solution: a. Corey the Camel will have 533 1/3 bananas to sell at the market. b. Yes, I do think that my solution is the best possible, because if you try stashing less bananas at the 200 mile point, or traveling further before stashing bananas, you always fall short of the 533 1/3 bananas that this method gives you. 533 1/3 is the most possible bananas that Corey the Camel can get to the market. c. The problems are basically identical, just the mini POW uses smaller numbers. It’s easier to work with and helped a lot in finding the answer to the POW.The answer is related, because you go basically the same steps, just with smaller amounts of bananas and miles. Evaluation: I definitely think that this POW was worthwhile; it made me think deeply about what the answer could be. I got a little frustrated for a moment, because at first glance, I would expect the answer to the POW to be 0 bananas, however, the more you look at it, you figure out multiple ways to solve it. The best part about this POW was it’s critical thinking factor, you really need to take into account many perspectives and ways to solve the problem.

Actual production Essay

The costumes worn by most other characters were further emphasis of the puritan simplicity and attitude that the actors on stage exhibited. â€Å"I felt it was incredibly important that the costumes weren’t too mimsy. Quite often an approach to this play is to go down the puritanical route which is very clean, quite anal and tightly corseted.†. A prime example of this was Elizabeth Proctor, who wore a very plain and tradition grey dress; which in her part was very effective considering the plain and simple manner in which she was presented. Another interesting fact was that both Proctor and Giles were dressed in leather working garments unlike the rest of the onstage characters. This seemed to create a subtle effect that seemed to single them out from everyone else, which was very successful given that both of them shared the common attribute of being two of primary characters who possessed the ‘moral authority’ of the storyline (the other one being Rebecca). One aspect of this production that I genuinely loved was the sheer emphasis of the ‘dramatic irony’ in the storyline. The prime example of this was at the very end of Act One, where the suspicion had reached a maximum and the time had come to try to get to the bottom of things and the interrogation began â€Å"(grasping Abigail) Abigail, it may be that your cousin is dying. Did you call the devil last night?† (p35). This part was the first area which added fuel to the ‘dramatic irony factor’. While Hale was saying these words, he seemed to grasp Abigail in a somewhat ridiculous fashion; as if he was implying something that was almost sexual. Abigail was always presented in this play as a flirtatious character with the typical characteristics of a temptress. â€Å"Give me a word John. A soft word (her concentrated desire destroys his smile)† (p17). However, despite her success in enticing the characters on stage, she was not in any way sexually attractive to any members of the audience. This instantly caused the members of the audience to feel frustrated and ridiculed by the actions of the characters, hence – instantly creating a disapproving impression of Abigail. Most importantly however, it served the function of creating a disagreement between the main characters and the audience and thus distances the spectators from the stage. This in addition to the use of setting mentioned earlier made the audience feel like the ones on the outside. By making us feel like the outsiders, we were almost able to see through the inside. Since generally, outsiders are able to perceive and see through what insiders are too blind and unable to see. Therefore, we all knew exactly what was going on behind the twisted and evil plots of Abigail, while the characters on stage cannot. Ironically enough, this is exactly what Arthur Miller wanted. As mentioned before, we were seeing through his eyes and metaphorically, this was like him seeing through the inhumane regime of McCarthyism while the common citizens of the US were unable to comprehend such things. After the unusual gestures that Hale used, Tituba soon entered the scene. Suddenly, it seemed almost out of nowhere, Abigail appeared to just randomly accuse Tituba of the crimes she herself had probably been guilty of. â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it!† (p35). Even though this type of reaction towards Tituba’s entrance to the scene was already in the stage directions, it was enhanced further by the way Abigail was acted by Sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ad Matthews. While she spoke those words, she seemed to choke and stutter through her speech. The audience, who already formed a negative impression of Abigail were obviously highly suspicious of what she was doing and at this point, I felt that she simply was making it up as she went along. I was personally very surprised by the tremendously over exaggerated manner that the actors responded. It created a sense of frustration for the audience when Hale suddenly responded to Abigail’s accusations in the exaggerated way that he did â€Å"Woman, have you enlisted these children for the devil?† (p36). Because Hale was presented so dramatically, it was irritating to see just how gullible and foolish he and other members of the town were. As the scene progressed, the time eventually came where Tituba ‘confessed’ to the charges of witchcraft that were inflicted upon her. â€Å"He say Mr Parris must be kill! Mr Parris no goodly man, and he bid me rise out of my bed and cut your throat!† (p38). As a 21st century audience, we were instantly aware that there was no way that Tituba was telling the truth. While she confessed, Tituba was presented as a frenzied, out-of-control type of character. The way that she overstated her speech made the audience feel that this was like an anticlimax to the huge build-up beforehand (i.e. the constant persuasion Hale used). Once again, Hale’s gullible reaction created a very frustrating feeling for the members of the audience. Eventually, the two ended up on stage in a ridiculous pose that made the audience cringe in disbelief. As ludicrous as the acting was, it created a very positive effect in highlighting the sheer dramatic irony of the play and this was definitely one of the best features of the book that this production managed to achieve. This however also created a somewhat negative effect. Since the dramatic irony was emphasised in a less serious tone, the following event lost the frightening factor to it that Arthur Miller may have wanted to portray. â€Å"I know that its paranoid centre is still pumping out the same darkly attractive warning that it did in the fifties†. I must admit, while reading the text in the very last lines of the first Act â€Å"I saw George Jacobs with the devil, I saw Goody Howe with the devil†¦ etc† (p39-40), I genuinely found the text quite frightening considering how gullible everyone in Salem seemed to be; the idea of all these people possibly being hanged was chilling. However in the actual production of the play, Betty, Abigail and the rest of the cast moved forward towards the front of the platform while it was being pulled back. Their hands were raised in the air while they continued to speak the names of those they accused and they were eventually blanked out from the stage, which appeared almost comedic. On the other hand, the whole striking fear effect is probably not as applicable to the modern day audience as it may have been to an audience of 1953. Arthur Miller’s primary intention for using the fear factor was to relate it to idea that McCarthyism was something to be afraid of. Yet in 2004, McCarthyism is no longer as significant, hence the fear factor within the play was probably eradicated in order to strengthen the effects of other factors.