Gun Control: Is It A Problem? :: Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

Ecological Scanning 2 - Assignment Example ltiple times on CNN which secured the subject of whale mercilessness and the poor natural surroundings that the whales are exposed to that prompted the lessening in every day share cost (New York Times 2014). The speculators in the advancement of the organization pulled back offers that caused the stock decrease of 4.8% which likewise prompted a disturbance of its place in the worldwide market (Gara 2014). The negative picture of the organization that surfaced in the media hurt the notoriety that it appreciated previously. Ocean World known for its different creature life can confront significant partner difficulties if the issue isn't appropriately tended to on an open media discussion. What should be possible is to feature the issue in a way that gives out a hint of something to look forward to and improvement for the creatures. The issue of giving appropriate natural surroundings is essential thus tending to the crowd regarding the plan to update the entire park is one approach to counter the negative picture. Also, what should be possible is that other than territory development, a proper public statement ought to be called and proclamations ought to be given with regards to how â€Å"Black fish† doesn't delineate any of the medicines that the creatures are given at Sea World and that the recreation center gives settled and kept up environments to the creatures living there. Adhering to a plan of â€Å"no creature cruelty† strategy and guaranteeing that in the coming days positive pictures are portrayed can get the company’s notoriety back on the platform it was previously. The Associated Press. (2014, August 15). After Film, SeaWorld to Make Improvements. The New York Times. Recovered

Senior Scholars to Freshmen Flunks the Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled Essay Example

Senior Scholars to Freshmen Flunks: the Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled Essay Spread Page Through composing this paper, I wish to effectively educate the general population about the all inclusive contention towards the five passage article and predictable writing when all is said in done. To help share this data, I needed to introduce the assessments of a few licensed sources, and supplement them into a conversational configuration with the goal that the peruser can without much of a stretch explore and comprehend their contentions. Aside from advising people in general about the present discussion, I needed to acquaint an answer with the issue of understudies utilizing the five section exposition in their school English classes. By presenting more significant level composing prior in the training framework, understudies will have a head start once they begin taking courses at their college. I accept that this paper will be compelling on the grounds that it suitably spreads out authorize suppositions about the positives and negatives of standard composition, while simultaneously demonstrating the point that it won't be acknowledged in a school air. Besides, it presents an answer for this circumstance by trying to actualize more elevated level composing techniques while understudies are as yet taking secondary school courses. This paper presents the contention, bolsters it from the two sides, outlines itself, and afterward offers a potential arrangement. I for one feel that the union of my exposition is elegantly composed. I feel that I worked superbly discovering sources that concur or differ with one another and afterward executing those contentions into a discussion. Aside from those qualities, I dread that my specialty may appear to be frail because of the quality of my amalgamation. I feel that I may have eclipsed the individual piece of the exposition with the data I gained from my sources. We will compose a custom exposition test on Senior Scholars to Freshmen Flunks: the Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Senior Scholars to Freshmen Flunks: the Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Senior Scholars to Freshmen Flunks: the Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Because of this undertaking, I have discovered that composing is simply one more medium through which to illuminate individuals about a given point. I have come to understand that composing is extremely straightforward: you do it to illuminate the peruser about something. The intricate part happens when you attempt to disentangle how you will finish that task. As far as â€Å"developing hypothesis of writing,† this acknowledgment is presumably the primary concern I learned in light of the fact that believe it or not that is a major idea that I detracted from this undertaking. I am eager to perceive how this hypothesis will change dependent on the attempts to come. Campbell Bailey Michael Johnson English 1510 18 February 2013 Senior Scholars to Freshman Flunks: The Five Paragraph Essay Unraveled Almost every secondary school English study hall in America has been shown something very similar: the five section article, or â€Å"formulaic writing,† is the best possible approach to compose a paper. Most understudies would concur with this announcement; they imagine that they five passage exposition is a straightforward and proficient approach to draft a paper. Also, understudies frequently start school with the mistaken presumption that this composing style is sufficient and worthy by their educators. For whatever length of time that they compose a presentation, three supporting passages, and an end, they will get their pined for evaluation of an A+. However, what is the science behind this conventional composition? For what reason does it appear to work so well for secondary school understudies, however not undergrads? The five section exposition (or FPE) ought not be ignored or seen as a need; it ought to be seen as an instrument to improve the composition of fledgling understudies. Be that as it may, all composing systems make some appropriate memories and spot for usage. Accordingly, before entering school all understudies must discover that the five-passage paper won't generally get the job done in a college domain. On the off chance that they proceed with equation based composing style, they run the hazard that their assignments won’t verge on accepting the evaluation that they want. This speaks to a deficiency in the tutoring of today’s fledgling authors, and this impediment can't be filled by any splendid teacher. The arrangement lies at the feet of none other however the organization of training. The American tutoring framework must beginning planning understudies during their secondary school a very long time for the school level composing that they should get capable, while additionally making them mindful of both the positive and negative parts of equation based composition. The five section exposition has been instructed in schools for quite a long time since it accomplishes incredible outcomes. Understudies can get a handle on its development effectively, bringing about passing marks and positive notorieties for school areas. As indicated by Dictionary. com, equation based is characterized as â€Å"made as per a recipe; made out of formulas† (word reference. com). As anyone might expect, that is actually what the FPE is: it’s a particular recipe that, whenever followed, assists understudies with making and compose their papers. Pretty much every recipe for the FPE is the equivalent, and one will seldom locate an alternate structure then the one instructed in pretty much every educational system across America. The development of the FPE is very straightforward, which is the reason it tends to be instructed to understudies at a scholastically youthful age. The primary section is the presentation, with the theory proclamation finishing the passage. The following three sections all help the theory, and every one as a rule contains a source that helps fabricate the writer’s contention. The last passage is named the end, and sums up the primary concerns of the paper. This structure has been utilized by innumerable understudies throughout the years, and it has yielded steady and positive outcomes. In addition to the fact that it is simple for an educator to review, yet it likewise permits understudies a snappy and productive approach to compose their expositions on different state-authorized tests. Be that as it may, an issue emerges once these understudies show up at the school level. It is here where the incredible discussion between researchers starts about whether the FPE is an appropriate and legitimate technique for showing composing abilities. In the present and progressing contention over the FPE, it appears that a lot of discussion is about arrangement. Both secondary teachers and school educators appear to have varying feelings on the theme. Jan Haluska, who right now seats the English Department at Southern Adventist University, accepts that the adaptability of the FPE makes progressively useful idea and thoughts at that point does composing without a recipe. Amateur essayists are progressively fit for facilitating themselves mentally on the off chance that they follow a lot of rules, instead of not tailing anything by any stretch of the imagination (30). In any case, Rick VanDeWeghe of the University of Colorado, and Richard Argys of North Glenn High School deviate, expressing that â€Å"The FPE equation may help understudies with appropriate organizing of papers, yet it seems to miss the mark regarding helping them offer an apt conversation of their thoughts† (99). The FPE helps understudies in the short run with the arrangement of their papers, yet it persecutes the convincing part of their words. It appears that while the FPE paper offers understudies association and effortlessness, it additionally keeps down their regular scholarly capacity to convince and illuminate. The contention over the structure of the FPE is much more fervently discussed. VanDeWeghe and Argys emphatically bolster the FPE group, saying that it offers scholars a strong basis unto which to assemble their paper. They concur that all authors make some hard memories making work, and it is an extraordinary bit of leeway to have an away from of what an appropriate paper resembles (98). From a figurative perspective, after rules to the five section article is a lot of like riding a bicycle with preparing wheels. Without preparing wheels, the rider would lose their equalization and crash, much like an author ith no heading or establishment. Yet, different essayists accept the proposal proclamation that goes with the educating of the FPE eclipses any basic perspectives. Writer Mark Graham trusts in this thought, and communicates his conviction by composing â€Å"And so you cannot start with a theory, since you dont have one, and may never have one. A paper doesnt start with an announ cement, however with a question† (Graham). Numerous school level teachers generously concur with this announcement, and this idea has been utilized to influence numerous to veto the utilization of the FPE. Articles were not at first made to convince, yet to educate and find. While there is proof that the FPE smothers this idea, the way that the standard exposition makes a positive workplace for scholars can't be disregarded. It appears that today’s teachers play the lottery with whether to help standard composition; the best way to know whether they have struck it rich is to pour over the fresh last drafts of their understudies. At the point when first year recruit understudies start their school professions and flip open their English composing schedule, they regularly get themselves restless and dreadful. Considerations of continually composing papers and long periods of exposition arranging leave them restless with ties in their stomachs so close that they can scarcely relax. Yet, the stomach bunches of certain understudies who have aced the five section article are typically somewhat looser than others as per Kerri Smith, a first year recruit piece teacher at Fairleigh Dickinson University. Smith commends understudies who have aptitude with the five section exposition. She invites them to her group, excitedly thrilled that she will at long last have a few understudies mentally proficient enough to withstand the rigors of school composing (16). So it appears that teachers may truly accept that standard composing loans understudies a submit launching their composing professions. They arri

Engineering Psychology Job Overview

Engineering Psychology Job Overview Student Resources Careers Print Engineering Psychology Career Overview By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 09, 2020 Kohei Hara / Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips In This Article Table of Contents Expand Origins Overview Training & Education Salary Job Outlook View All Back To Top Engineering psychology is an applied subfield that focuses on improving and adapting technology, equipment, and work environments to enhance human behavior and capabilities. It is highly related to the field of ergonomics, which is the science of arranging and designing things so that people can use them safely and efficiently. Engineering psychologists are interested in understanding the capabilities and limitations of human behavior and developing and adjusting systems to maximize these abilities and prevent errors. They often help design products, workspaces, and human-machine interactions to make them more user-friendly. Origins The field originated as an area within experimental psychology that grew increasingly important during World Wars I and II. Early military applications of this field focused on building weapons designed to minimize human errors and increase accuracy. Today, the field is growing significantly as people spend more and more time interacting and utilizing technology and equipment in their daily and work lives. How to Become an Experimental Psychologist Overview Engineering psychologists utilize psychological principles to solve real-world problems. People who work in this profession are able to help improve, and sometimes even save, human lives. By minimizing the risks of accidents and errors, engineering psychologists can make products, systems, and workplaces safer. These professionals can specialize in a number of different areas such as: Human-computer interactionAerospaceUsabilityHuman performanceEducation and trainingVirtual realityHealthcare systems and technologyProduct designWorkplace safetyEnvironmental safetyEgonomics Engineering psychologists are able to make the technology we use every day more reliable, useful, and safe. Some examples of products that they might work to design or improve include GPS systems, mobile phones, medical equipment, military equipment, aviation technology, traffic systems, and motor vehicles. Tasks Some tasks that an engineering psychologist might perform in this line of work include: Analyzing how people interact and use equipment and technologyExploring ways to make technology more accessible to people with disabilitiesExplaining workplace accidents and searching for ways to prevent accidents from happening again in the futureImplementing user feedback into future iterations of product designsSurveying populations to learn more about user needs or to discover which products appeal to specific demographicsCreating safe products and designs intended to minimize human errorsDesigning medical equipment to minimize the risks of medical mistakes Where They Work Engineering psychologists are employed in a range of different areas. The private sector, such as businesses and corporations, is the largest area of employment. Other employers might include colleges, universities and government agencies. Training and Educational Requirements The training and education needed to become an engineering psychologist can vary depending upon the specialty area in which you choose to work. Just a few of the main specialty areas include human factors, ergonomics, usability engineering, and human-computer interaction. A masters degree in a related field is generally considered the minimum needed for entry into the field, although opportunities and pay are often much higher for those with doctorate degrees. A number of universities offer graduate programs specifically in engineering psychology. Such programs include coursework in areas such as cognition, engineering, perception, statistics, research methods, and learning. Those who work in the field typically earn a Ph.D. in psychology with an emphasis in engineering psychology, a Ph.D. in engineering psychology, or a Ph.D. in human factors psychology. Salary Like most careers, salaries vary considerably depending upon factors such as the degree held, years of experience, and the area of employment. Starting salaries range between $48,000 and $75,367. At the doctorate-level, salaries range between $92,000 and $111,000. Doctoral-level engineering psychologists employed as private consultants report the highest earnings, with an average of $179,160 per year. The most recently available salary report by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) reported the following average yearly salaries for doctoral-level engineering psychologists: Those working in the for-profit private sector: $111,368Those employed by government agencies: $107,314Those working in academic settings: $92,614 For masters level engineering psychologists, the HFES reported the following average annual salaries: Those employed in business settings: $90,164Those working in government settings: $90,500Those employed by colleges or universities: $75,150 The Highest Paying Psychology Careers Job Outlook Since the majority of engineering psychologists are employed in the private sector, the performance and growth rate of companies has a strong influence on job growth and demand in this field. As corporations become increasingly aware of the valuable role that engineering psychologists can play in the design and development process, the demand for qualified professionals continues to grow. The American Psychological Association identifies engineering psychology as a post-grad growth area??. The APA suggests that this is a rapidly growing area with a lot of potential opportunities to study and work with the interaction between humans, tasks, machines, and environments.

Intercultural Communication Is Concerned With...

Intercultural communication is concerned with communication across cultures. Since cultures as well as languages differ from one another in significant ways, speakers conceptualize the world around them in different ways. These cultural conceptualizations form part of the collective cognition of a speech community or cultural group. This paper is an attempt to delineate some cultural schemas in Persian cultural conceptualization which are quite prevalent in Iranian culture and language which may crop up in everyday conversations. For this purpose, cultural schemas of maram , marefat , and gheyrat are selected based on their frequent use in Persian language and Iranian culture. These schemas are elaborated and some implications for L2 English are suggested. Index terms: culture, conceptualization, schema, intercultural communication I. Introduction Language and culture are inextricably intertwined. Language is a cultural activity and is also embedded in cultural models and values. Every linguistic or discourse event is structured in a way by the culture that surrounds the speech event and speech community. This nexus of language and culture is referred to as linguaculture and languaculture by Paul Freidrich (1989) and Michael Agar (1994) respectively. According to the prominent figure Ronald Langacker (1999) language is an essential instrument and component of culture, whose reflection in linguisticShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Communication Shares Information Across Diverse Groups and Cultures827 Words   |  3 PagesThe term intercultural communication refers to a type of communication that is aiming at sharing information across diverse social groups and cultures. In general, intercultural communication describes wide range of communication processes that are naturally occurring in organizations which are made up of individ uals who are from different backgrounds. Today’s world has been characterized by increased communication between different people around the world resulting to establishment of contractsRead MoreNon-Verbal Communication and Inter-Cultural Communication Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages Nonverbal communication is defined as the approach of conveying information and data by using speech, visuals, signs , behavior etc. Approximately 65% of the communication takes place through nonverbal attributes. Generally communication takes place with three steps. FIRST Is the thought or idea that comes in the mind of the sender. SECOND is the encoding which means sending message to the receiver in a particular gesture or sign or via a particular medium. THIRD is decoding of message which meansRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 Pagesmore internationally connected, the need to understand people from different cultures and how to interact appropriately with them also increases. Managers and leaders need to develop intercultural competences that can help them be more aware of their own culturally-based perceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solid theoretical frameworks and practical insights to handle the culturalRead MoreThe Face-Negotiation Theory and Stella Ting-Toomey Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of communication, there are many theories which describe different ways people communicate. According to Doctor Thomas Hanitzsch, an associate professor of communication at the University of Munich in Germany, â€Å"Communication Theory is an international forum publishing high quality, original research into the theoretical development of communication from across a wide array of disciplines† (â€Å"Communication Theory†). A specific communication theory that will be highlighted is the Face-NegotiationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Dead Poets Society 1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie on ‘Dead Poet’s Society’ produced in 1989 has a lot to learn from as far as leadership is concerned. The key figures that demonstrate various lead ership traits are John Keating and Mr. Nolan. Mr. Nolan who is the headmaster of Welton Academy School is concerned about the behavior of the new arrived English teacher- Mr. Keating. At one scene of the movie, Mr. Nolan is seen going to class and walking through the class midway while uttering some words from the Tchaikovsky’s 1812 overture (DeadRead MoreWal Marts Failure in Korea1166 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween different cultures and the way people communicate across different cultures. In our paper we will focus on the differences between Korean and American cultures and what effect these differences might have on conducting business between both sides. We will concentrate on a failure business case of Wal-Mart entry and withdrawl for the Korean market to explore these differences. Literature Review: Cultural orientations can be view as lying on a continuum with high – context cultures on one endRead MoreCase Study Questions On Business Communication1722 Words   |  7 PagesTo: maurice.benson@ahcd.com.au From: Lin.Ke@abcd.com.au Date: 11/10/2014 Subject: Report of recommendations for the business communication in Chinese workplace Dear Maurice: I was so pleased to receive this email and thanks for you giving me this opportunity. According to your request, my report titled â€Å"Recommendations for the business communication in Chinese workplace† attached as this email. The report illustrates three recommendations base on the following situations: Meet with your clientsRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication, And Interpersonal Communication850 Words   |  4 PagesI feel the ability to communicate with people across different cultural backgrounds is a strength that I have developed over time. Intercultural communication is the term given to communication that takes place between people whose cultural beliefs values and behaviours differ from one another (Buchanan 2015, p. 44). Cultural knowledge that is developed through socialisation and transferred from one generation to the next, shapes the way people communicate both verbally and nonverbally. It influencesRead MoreClynes Revision of Grices Maxims Essay2189 Words   |  9 PagesGrice’s Maxims have been criticised for being too Anglo-centric. Michael Clyne proposes revisions to the four maxims in his 1994 book Intercultural Communication at Work. Do Clyne’s revisions o f this model go far enough in universally accounting for intercultural conversation? Why or why not? Grice’s General Cooperative Principle has been under continuous debate for the past three decades. It is mainly through the maxims that Grice’s paradigm has been challenged as highly ethnocentric, howeverRead MoreViolence And Hate Crime And Violence Through Intercultural Praxis, Education, And Socially Responsible Actions1431 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide an intercultural approach to reduce the violence and the suffering that many communities face. This paper provides an intervention to hate crime and violence through intercultural praxis, education, and socially responsible actions. Social violence or crimes involves people from different cultures and their diversity lead to emergence of superiority and inferiority (In Sorrells In Sekimoto, 2015). Cultural groups that are seen as inferior are looked down upon by superior cultures which then

Drugs During The Civil War - 1421 Words

Drugs first surfaced in the United States in the 1800s. After the Civil War opium become very popular and was used medicinally. Following opium was cocaine which was also used as a health remedy but near the end of the 19th century opium and cocaine abuse peaked and local governments began to prohibit opium dens and importation. In 1914 the first federal drug policy, the Harrison Narcotics act, is passed and drugs are no longer seen as harmless remedies. The act aggressively regulated the manufacturing of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and morphine. During the 50’s more federal drug policies were passed and drugs began to become more criminalized. The 60’s saw a rise in counter-culture and substances such as marijuana and LSD saw widespread use. The demand for drugs skyrocketed in the 1960s. In 1971 President Nixon declared drug abuse America s number one enemy and proclaimed that we must wave a all out offensive. After President Nixon declared the War on Drugs in 1971, th e United States has spent more than a trillion dollars on this failing policy that not only has had no effect on the amount of drugs being used in the United States and has increased the number of people incarcerated on drug charges from just 50,000 to over half a million, but also has helped fuel drug cartels and foment violence and death through overdoses from uncontrolled drug potency and turf wars between street gangs. The War on Drugs has an annual cost of $51 billion(Drug War Statistics. Drug Policy.Show MoreRelatedDrug Use And Health During The Civil War1585 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids were widely used during the Civil War, with numbers reaching up to ten million opioid pills for the Union Army alone. Morphine was essentially the cure-all on the battlefield. The result of this excessive and non-facilitated usage of morphine pills by soldiers was referred to as â€Å"army disease† or rather, opioid addiction. Centuries after the Civil War, similar staggering opioid addiction statistics exist today in modern America. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)Read MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesexpressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relatio nship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially in the sixties. The ‘60s were the age of youth, as millions of children’s from post World War II became teenagers and rebelled against the conservative fifties. Denying civil rights to African-AmericansRead MoreThe Slang Term For Doctors Of The Civil War1325 Words   |  6 PagesSawbones is the slang term for doctors of the Civil War. How an esteemed figure like as doctor could be associated with such a name might come as a surprise to those unaware of the gruesome medical tactics used on both sides of the war. A bonesaw, which is exactly what it sounds like, was a tool commonly used by doctors of the war to amputate limbs beyond repair caused by various types of weaponry, primarily gunshots. However barbaric they may seem, the medical treatments and procedures used on woundedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people h ave been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreThe Geo Group : A Case For Human Rights Watch965 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies are not really acting like probation officers at all but debt collectors,† says Chris Albin-Lackey, Senior Researcher for Human Rights Watch. Someone can easily be thrown back in jail if they simply get behind on those payments, fail a drug test, miss a parole appointment, or fail to maintain employment. Two thirds of parolees in the year 2000 were sent back to prison from those types of technical violations, rather from actual crimes. In addition, 87% of people in 2008 who were facingRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs1539 Words   |  7 Pages On June 17th, 1971, President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse to be â€Å"America’s Public Enemy #1† in a press conference in which he called for an â€Å"all out offensive† against this enemy, an initiative that would later be known as America’s War on Drugs. By giving this speech, thus starting â€Å"The War on Drugs,† President Nixon created what would eventually become one of the most catastrophic failures in United States political history. Analysis of the historical events surrounding Nixon’s declarationRead MoreU.s. Relations With Colombia1022 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent turn as a result of a new era Colombia’s civil war and drug trafficking . The interest of improve the foreign policy and the security of both countries; In order to maintain the U.S relations with Colombia, an analysis of the conflict in Colombia has to be made to protect the U.S national interest. Historically, the relations between U.S and Colombia have been marked the foreign policy and the international trade. Nevertheless, the civil war in Colombia have shifted this relation. In ColombiaRead MoreRacial Discrimination1086 Words   |  5 Pagestheir place†. During WWII, racial divides were high, American already had a strained relationship with Japan. In the summer of 1941, FDR ceased the export of oil to Japan because of Japans invasion and takeover of French Indochina. Pearl Harbor, the U.S government have been secretly preparing for a Japanese invasion putting in provisions to incarcerate all Japanese-Americans predominantly on the west coast of the United States. During the four years that the U.S and Japan were at war with one anotherRead MoreEssay about The Counterculture899 Words   |  4 Pageslifestyle of the hippies were in sharp contrast to the conservative nature of the older generation, which defined them as a counterculture. The hippie lifestyle was based on free love, rock music, shared property, and drug experimentation. They introduced a new perspective on drugs, freedom of expression, appearance, music, attitudes toward work, and held a much more liberal political view than mainstream society. One of the main effects that the hippies made is the appearance of the AmericanRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesslavery or Jim Crow, America has found a new way to continue the marginalization of blacks by using the criminal justice system. In Michelle Alexander’s book â€Å" The New Jim Crow†, she shows how America’s â€Å" War on Drugs â€Å" has become a tool of racial segregation and how the discretionary enforcement of drug laws has resulted in an overwhelmingly negative affect on its black population. In the early days of colonial America, slavery was not as common as we would think. The primary method of securing the

Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Free Essays

Catherine Zulfer, a former employee of playboy filed a suit against them alleging that Playboy Enterprises violated provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The former employee reports that playboy retaliated against her for refusing to participate in fraudulent activity against Playboy’s shareholders (Katz, Marshall Banks, LLP, 2013). Without receiving permission from the board of directors, Christopher Pachler, Chief Financial Officer, instructed Zulfer to gather one million dollars in bonuses for various corporate officers of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower or any similar topic only for you Order Now At that time Zulfer felt that Pachler was attempting to embezzle the money from the company, therefore she denied the request until it was approved by the board. Zulfer then informed Playboys General Counsel and the Securities and Exchange Commission of the request that was made by Pachler. Soon after Zulfer made the report, she claims that retaliation against her began. She was excluded from company meetings and discussions, crucial information to her position was withheld from her, and her accounting staff was diminishing (Katz, Marshall Banks, LLP, 2013). On December 31, 2011 Zulfer was terminated, although Playboy describes it as a layoff. Issue: Did Playboy violate the whistleblower-protection provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (â€Å"SOX†)? Rule: The Playboy Company retaliated against Zulter for refusing to participate in fraud regarding the playboy shareholders. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (SOX) one rule prohibits any employer from retaliation against and employee. Another rule is that under this law employees are protected when they speak of a wrongdoing within the workplace. â€Å"Under SOX, employers are strictly prohibited from retaliating against employees who report illegal or unethical conduct. Employees are also protected when making disclosures about shareholder fraud or violations of SEC rules and regulations. † (Halunen, p. 1, Para. 1) Analysis: Append reflection Zulter dismissal was retaliation against her by the playboy company, because she reported and activity of fraud with the playboy shareholders. In this case, Zulter was continually excluded from meetings and discussions, withholding crucial information she needed to carry out her corporate accounting responsibilities, and eliminating corporate accounting staff. Conclusion: In the end, the courts dismissed playboy’s argument reaffirming that under the bylaws of (SOX) employees are protected from employees from retaliation for reporting violations of â€Å"any rule of regulation of the SEC. Zulfer was protected under the SOX Act, whistle-blower‘s of publicly traded companies are protected. Employers are not supposed to retaliate or discriminate against employees in the terms and conditions of their employment. The plaintiff provided information regarding violations the company was participating in; the violations that can be of a federal fraud statute, a rule or regulation of the SEC, or a provision of Federal law relating to fraud against shareholders. The team agrees that Zulfer was protected under the Act and that the Act is there to bring forth more white collar crimes that would not otherwise be disclosed if the was not there to protect and compensate. SOX promotes honesty without fear, the whistle-blower provisions of the SOX Act provides a general framework for ensuring that employees (including attorneys and auditors) disclose information which may harm investors. How to cite Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower, Papers Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Free Essays Catherine Zulfer, a former employee of playboy filed a suit against them alleging that Playboy Enterprises violated provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The former employee reports that playboy retaliated against her for refusing to participate in fraudulent activity against Playboy’s shareholders (Katz, Marshall Banks, LLP, 2013). Without receiving permission from the board of directors, Christopher Pachler, Chief Financial Officer, instructed Zulfer to gather one million dollars in bonuses for various corporate officers of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower or any similar topic only for you Order Now At that time Zulfer felt that Pachler was attempting to embezzle the money from the company, therefore she denied the request until it was approved by the board. Zulfer then informed Playboys General Counsel and the Securities and Exchange Commission of the request that was made by Pachler. Soon after Zulfer made the report, she claims that retaliation against her began. She was excluded from company meetings and discussions, crucial information to her position was withheld from her, and her accounting staff was diminishing (Katz, Marshall Banks, LLP, 2013). On December 31, 2011 Zulfer was terminated, although Playboy describes it as a layoff. Issue: Did Playboy violate the whistleblower-protection provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (â€Å"SOX†)? Rule: The Playboy Company retaliated against Zulter for refusing to participate in fraud regarding the playboy shareholders. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (SOX) one rule prohibits any employer from retaliation against and employee. Another rule is that under this law employees are protected when they speak of a wrongdoing within the workplace. â€Å"Under SOX, employers are strictly prohibited from retaliating against employees who report illegal or unethical conduct. Employees are also protected when making disclosures about shareholder fraud or violations of SEC rules and regulations. † (Halunen, p. 1, Para. 1) Analysis: Append reflection Zulter dismissal was retaliation against her by the playboy company, because she reported and activity of fraud with the playboy shareholders. In this case, Zulter was continually excluded from meetings and discussions, withholding crucial information she needed to carry out her corporate accounting responsibilities, and eliminating corporate accounting staff. Conclusion: In the end, the courts dismissed playboy’s argument reaffirming that under the bylaws of (SOX) employees are protected from employees from retaliation for reporting violations of â€Å"any rule of regulation of the SEC. Zulfer was protected under the SOX Act, whistle-blower‘s of publicly traded companies are protected. Employers are not supposed to retaliate or discriminate against employees in the terms and conditions of their employment. The plaintiff provided information regarding violations the company was participating in; the violations that can be of a federal fraud statute, a rule or regulation of the SEC, or a provision of Federal law relating to fraud against shareholders. The team agrees that Zulfer was protected under the Act and that the Act is there to bring forth more white collar crimes that would not otherwise be disclosed if the was not there to protect and compensate. SOX promotes honesty without fear, the whistle-blower provisions of the SOX Act provides a general framework for ensuring that employees (including attorneys and auditors) disclose information which may harm investors. How to cite Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower, Papers

International Financial Reporting Business Estate Industry

Question: Describe about the International Financial Reporting for Business Estate Industry. Answer: a. Impacts Of Ifrs 16 On Real Estate Industry- S P Setia Berhad Group The key impacts expected to be witnessed by S P Setia Company As A Result Of IFRS 16 includes the following. From a perspective of a lessor's P Setia being in real estate industry might experience an increase in its operational costs as a result of revised lease terms by lessees. This is because there is an anticipation of the existing lessees to negotiate their lease terms ,to be short term and include more variables costs , in an endeavour to mitigate the adverse effects of reporting on their balance sheet. Therefore, a shift in trend will see S P Setia profits margins being affected negatively as a result of transferring the variable cost burden to them by lessees(EarnestYoung, 2016) Another notable effect in S P Setia company will be a shift from its existing leasing business currently valued at $ 7,117,543.00 million to the business of real estate selling . The expected increase in operational cost may make S P Setia find leasing business unattractive and reconsider the business of selling which is not characterised by increased operational cost (Natalie Tatiana Churyk, 2015). Real estate industry which S P Setia operates in is also expected to experience a shift in demand by lessees from leasing premises to owning . Lessees might find leasing unattractive as a result of the identified distortions of fundamental ratios is their balance sheet as a result of the adoption of IFRS 16 (IFRSFoundation, 2016) As a result of a shift in business, S P Setia will also experience a drop in its non-current assets by -93% as a result of the classification of the existing underlying lease assets into Current assets . Current assets will increase by 81% (appendix 1). This will, in turn, make S P Setia company liquidity ratios to raise as a result of a change in business .For example, current ratio will rise by 157% (Appendix 2). However, the increase in a current ratio of S P Setia to 352% from the current 194% (appendix 2) may not be sustainable in the long-run since the expected high demand for real estate purchases might only be experienced at the inception of the standard (Karen Wong, 2015). Also, the shift in business patterns by both S P Sitia and its lessees could trigger an increase in lease costs. This is because S P Sitia will need to cushion itself against increased operating costs resulting from the changes. This will make the companies in real estate who are the lessor to adjust prices upwards for them to accommodate the new lease terms anticipated (EarnestYoung, 2016). S P Setia and other companies in real estate will not be affected by the IFRS 16 directly as most of them are lessors in lease agreements. However, their key customers will be affected by the standard hence triggering the effects identified above the industry . (Natalie Tatiana Churyk, 2015) b) Impacts Of Ifrs 16 On Financial Services-Hong Leong Bank Berhad The key fundamental ratios in HLBank like CET 1 and Tier 1 which are currently at 11.147% and 12.297% will reduce to 10.20% and 11.32% respectively when the operating leases are introduced to the balance sheet (Appendix 3). This indicates that IFRS 16 will have to reduce the two capital ratios of banks with considerable operating leases. This will in turn trigger the banking regulators to demand additional capital from the bank if the reduction in core capital goes below the minimum required rates. For Example, the minimum required CET 1 and Tier 1 capital in Malaysia for a bank like HLB is 4.5% and 6% respectively(EarnestYoung, 2016). HLBank will be necessitated to change their risk appraisal processes currently in place in order to accommodate their customers who are adversely affected by the IFRS 16. This is because some class of HLBank customers who have operating leases in their books will experience distortion of their fundamental risk ratio like , gearing ratios ,which will make them not to qualify for loan facilities as per the current credit appraisal processes(Lindstedt, 2012). This will make the affected customers negotiate their existing debt covenants with the banks in order to mitigate the balance sheet effects of IFRS 16(Karen Wong, 2015) Due to this negotiation by lessees , HLBank can end up losing some considerable part of their returns attributable to the leases. This is because affected customers might demand low rates in an attempt to minimise the balance sheet effects . In addition, HLBank can end up loosing interest income from its current lease portfolio valued at RM 678,579 million if those customers consider the finance lease unattractive. Therefore, adoption of IFRS 16 will lead to HLBank and its industry peers to lose an important portfolio in their current finance lease or end up accepting low rates on the loans in order to maintain the portfolio(EarnestYoung, 2016) The banking industry is known for operating in leased premises in an attempt to free up working capital. This has been the practice and HLBank is not an exception for it holds RM 16,084,000 in operating leases in its balance sheet. This norm is anticipated to change with the adoption of IFRS 16 as HLBank will opt an alternative to existing operating leases which will minimise the adverse effects of the standard in their books. This alternative will involve owning the banking halls, negotiating with the service providers for separation of none-lease components from the main lease which will lead to fewer assets and liabilities as compared to long fixed term leases. Finally, they may negotiate with service providers for a variable payment which will reduce the adverse effects on their balance sheets(EarnestYoung, 2016). The banking industry has been using Sale and leaseback operations as a soft means of financing without recognising them in their books of accounts. This aspect has been facilitating banks to play around with its core capital ratios in order to comply with regulatory minimum requirements. This will no longer be attractive to banks/ lessees as IFRS 16 now mandates both parties is sale and leaseback arrangements to recognise the transactions in balance sheets. Therefore , IFRS 16 will be anticipated to reduce the number of sale and leaseback transactions significantly in the banking industry (EarnestYoung, 2016). c) Impacts Of Ifrs 16 On Airline Airasia Berhad An earlier research which was done had indicated that Airline industry will be the second highly affected industry by IFRS 16 (PWC, 2016). AirAsia will experience an abnormal increase in its leverage ratios as a result of the adoption of IFRS 16 (appendix 4). This is because AirAsia will be required to adjust its balance sheet assets and liabilities by RM 94,534,585 currently reported as off-balance sheet item. This shift will lead abnormal growth in assets value and liabilities by 443.49% and 560.52% (appendix 5) respectively in the AirAsia books (PWC, 2016) .This will lead to an abnormal increase in risk measure of AirAsia (appendix 4) making it look less attractive to various stakeholders like potential investors, lenders, creditors among others(Patricia Sandblom, 2015) Another significant effect is on EBITDA of AirAsia Company which will be expected to increase as a result of increased finance cost, amortisation and depreciation as preparers of financial statements will be required to report lease rentals as separate components of interest on lease liability and depreciation / amortisation of right of use assets (Appendix 6). Finally , AirAsia ROCE which is a key performance ratio in the airline industry will improve significantly as EBITDA will increase as a result of the adoption of the standard (appendix 4).It is used to measure efficiency on invested capital in the firm(Deloitte, 2016) AirAsia will also be necessitated to review its current business process and strategies to avert the negative effects in its books as a result of adopting IFRS 16 as follows. The company will consider reducing the current lease terms of Aircraft in order to reduce the liabilities therein(appendix 5). This is because shorter lease terms will see fewer liabilities recognised in their balance sheet hence controlling the leverage levels associated with increased liabilities. Also, AirAsia will start to negotiate their existing leases terms to have their big portions of their lease to be based on flying hours . In such cases, the contract will not amount to lease (where payment of lease rentals are based on flying hours) hence will end up mitigating the effects of increased liabilities and assets considering how significant AirAsia engage in lease of expensive aircraft(Deloitte, 2016) It can be observed that AirAsia lease contracts are dollar denominated . This will significantly be affected by foreign currency volatilities which would lead the company to forex losses in AirAsia income statements when making the interest payments and when translating the liabilities and assets into a functional currency(RM).To minimise this, AirAsia will need to negotiate with its suppliers of aircraft to keep the lease agreement on RM currencies(Natalie Tatiana Churyk, 2015).However, although AirAsia suppliers will not be affected by the IFRS16 ,they will also need to reconsider changing their business processes to accommodate the change in leasing trends expected in the airline industry .They will re-evaluate the business implications as a result of revised lease terms as for example AirAsia may opt for lease contracts based on flying hours , this will lead to an increase in their operational cost hence reducing their profits margins(PWC, 2016) References AirAsia, 2016. Annual Report 2015, s.l.: AirAsia Berhad. Deloitte, 2016. IFRS industry insights-Aviation sector - the implication of the new standard. IFRS 16-implication of the new standard, pp. 1-2. EarnestYoung, 2016. Applying IFRS 16 in Financial services. Applying IFRS 16 in Financial services, 1(1), pp. 1-13. EarnestYoung, 2016. Applying IFRS 16 In Financial services. Applying IFRS 16 In Financial services-IASB issues a new leases standard, pp. 1-18. HLBank, 2016. 2015 annual Report, Kaula Lumpur: Hong Leong Bank Berhad. IFRSFoundation, 2016. IFRS 16 leases. IFRS, pp. 1-20. Karen Wong, M. J., 2015. The Impact of lease capitalization on financial statements and key ratios :Evidence from Australia. Australasian accounting,Business and Finance Journal, 9(3), pp. 24-44. Kumbirai, M., 2010. A Financial Ratio Analysis of commercial Bank Performance in south Africa. Africa Centre for economics and Finance, pp. 30-53. Lindstedt, L., 2012. Consequences of the new lease standard, s.l.: Goteborgs University. Natalie Tatiana Churyk, A. R. H. L., 2015. Leasing: reducing the game of hiding risk. Journal of accounting and organisational change, pp. 162-174. Patricia Sandblom, A. S., 2015. The value Relevance of the proposed New leasing standard, s.l.: University of Gothenburg. PWC, 2016. In the spotlight-Impacts of IFRS 16 to Airlines. IFRS 16 -Leases, pp. 1-10.

Beowolf And Fate Essays - Geats, Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon Paganism

Beowolf And Fate In the epic Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel fate plays a major role in the characters lives. Characters allow fate to influence them and how they go about doing things. But is it really fate or peoples tendencies to do what they chose too. " Fate saves the living when they drive death away by themselves."(Pg. 9) Is fate what brought Beowulf to prevail over Grendal? " The monster would have murdered again and again had not God, and the hero's courage, turned fate aside."(Pg56) Beowulf was not supposed to win but out of his own free will he prevailed and saves the Geats and many helpless people. Although when Beowulf went against Grendal he relied on God for all the help and he killed the monster as God had meant for him to do. Beowulf does not allow fate to influence him. If fate is not on his side he makes it on his side. Beowulf is an example of using both fate and free will to live out his life. He looks toward and thanks fate for everything but yet if he doesn't agree with fate he looks toward his free will. If he wants something bad enough he will prevail and get what he wants. " Fate sent him to the Dragon and sent him to death" (pg. 98) Everything that Beowulf gains is according to him by fate. " The gifts that higlac gave me, and the land, I earned with my sword, as fate allowed" (pg100) He is ready to trust his life in fate. When he faces Grendals mother he says, " I'd use no sword, no weapon, if this beast could be killed without it, crushed to death like Grendal, gripped in my hands and torn limb from limb. But his breath will be burning hot; poison will pour from his tongue. I feel no shame, with shield and sword and armor, against this monster: when he comes to me I mean to stand, not run from his shooting flames, stand till fate decides which of us wins." (Pg101) Beowulf is not afraid to die for his cause and is though to be a hero because of his courage. He saved the city because he used his free will to kill the monster when he was the one who was supposed to die. Beowulf died because of fate but it was his free will that saved the city and the people. So Beowulf used both to prevail as a warrior and a king who was loved and feared by his people.

Samuel OReilly Invented the Tattoo Machine

Samuel OReilly Invented the Tattoo Machine More and more people are getting tattoos today, and they do not carry the same social stigma that they used to. But we didnt always use the tattoo machines that you see in your standard parlor. History and Patenting The electric tattooing machine was officially patented on Dec. 8th, 1891 by  a New York tattoo artist named Samuel OReilly. But even O’Reilly would be the first to admit that his invention was really an adaptation of a machine invented by Thomas Edison- the Autographic Printing Pen. O’Reilly witnessed a demonstration of the electric pen, a sort of writing drill that Edison had built to allow documents to be etched into stencils and then copied. The electric pen was a failure. The tattooing machine was an unqualified, worldwide smash. How it Works O’Reilly’s tattoo machine worked by using a hollow needle filled with permanent ink. An electric motor powered the needle in and out of the skin at a rate of up to 50 punctures per second. The tattoo needle inserted a small drop of ink below the surface of the skin each time. The original machine patent allowed for different sized needles deliver varying amounts of ink, a very design-focused consideration. Before O’Reilly’s innovation, tattoos- the word comes from the Tahitian word â€Å"tatu† which means to mark something- were much harder to make. Tattoo artists worked by hand, perforating the skin perhaps three times a second as they installed their designs. O’Reilly’s machine with its 50 perforations per second was an enormous improvement in efficiency. Further enhancements and refinements to the tattoo machine have been made and the modern tattooing device is now capable of delivering 3,000 punctures per minute.

Aerobic exercise assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aerobic exercise assignment - Case Study Example Superman helps strengthening the lower back. One lies on the stomach with a rolled towel under the hips to support the back. Another folded towel may be used to support the forehead. Tighten the abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). Then raise the right arm off the floor holding it for three or 4 breaths. Lower it then raise the other arm. Repeat the same with the legs. Redo until both legs and hands feel fatigued. This involves lying on your stomach then raising yourself up so that you are resting on the forearms and knees. One should ensure that the head and neck are aligned with the back and place the shoulders above the elbows. Then tighten the abdomen muscles. To create resistance, press the elbows and knees toward one another, neither moving from their position on the floor. Hold in the same position for four breaths (Bandy, 1994). Repeat severally by returning to the start position until you feel fatigue. Segmental Rotation involves lying on your back with the knees bent and back in a neutral position while tightening abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). While your shoulders are kept on the floor, allow the knees to fall slowly to the left until you feel a stretch, hold for 4 breaths and then repeat the exercise on the right. Do it severally until you feel fatigue. One lies on the back with the knees bent, keeping the back in a neutral position. Do not arch or press into the floor. Similarly, avoid tilting the hips as you tighten abdominal muscles. Then align your hips with your knees and shoulders by raising your hips off the floor. Hold for 4 breaths then return to the start position and repeat until you feel fatigue (Daniel, 1982). Effective cool down gives the body time to recover. This should be done by gradually decreasing the intensity level of the aerobic exercises. For instance, reduce the pace of walking and the intensity of the above activities until the breathing rate and heart

Data warehousing and storage systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data warehousing and storage systems - Essay Example These types of warehouses help in attaining different range and level of storage of data in a computing device. A data warehouse is useful because it can maintain replica of information from the source. This architectural convolution provides the prospect to alleviate the problem of database isolation level lock conflict in operation processing systems that is caused by long or large running attempts and queries related to analysis in the processing database of transaction (Silvers, 2008). The uses of data warehousing is not just limited to one prospect it also helps in compressing data into a single source from multiple sources so that only one query engine can be used. Data warehousing increases the efficiency of working and it improves the data quality by maintaining data history accurately even when the source transaction is unable to keep the record. It helps in keeping information secure and also updates if any alteration is done on any data. This is very important because stor age of data should always be in a secured mode in order to avoid isolation of information. The concept of data warehousing was brought forward in the later part of 1980, in order to deliver an architectural model for flow of information from operational systems to decision support systems (Becker, 2002). Data warehouses in order to obtain analytical access patterns are optimized. They involve in selecting specific fields of function unlike operational systems that use a common type of access pattern. Due to these differences analytical databases get benefited from column-oriented data base management system and operational database get benefited from row-oriented data base management system. Operational systems only maintain a picture or frame of business related information however data warehouses maintain the entire history that is implemented from ETL processes. The evolution of data warehousing in organization use is very sophisticated. There are mainly four levels of warehouses.

Crusades in the 14th and 15th Century

Crusades in the 14th and 15th Century To what extent did the idea of crusading remain integral to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? In the traditional view, the crusades started in the 11th century and ended in the last decade of the 13th. There is much debate, however, surrounding to what extent later crusading activity can indeed be considered crusading, and what role it played in chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The formation of chivalric culture was no doubt influenced to some extent by crusading ideology. Chivalry is made up of a range of activities, values and attitudes,[1] with crusading itself being viewed as a chivalrous activity and military orders formed during the crusades before the fourteenth century seen by some to be early examples of chivalry.[2] The first crusade gave birth to new ideas of the role of the warrior in Christian society; defence of the faith and reclamation of the Holy Land was, according to the church, the highest task to which a knight could dedicate himself and the 1099 triumph at Jerusalem set the standard for defence of holy places as the highest goal of chivalry.[3] Benedictine theologian and historian, Guibert de Nogent, wrote in the 12th century that God himself had started a holy war to allow knights to seek Gods grace in their wonted habit and in discharge of their own office, and need no longerseek salvation by renouncing the world in the profession of monk,[4] suggesting that crusading elevated knights to positions similar to priests and emphasising the prestigious and highly pious aspect of knighthood. Similarly, crusader poet Aymer de Pegulhan writes that crusading allows the achievement of honour in life and joy in paradise without renouncing our rich garments, our station in life, all that pleases and charms.[5] This idea that crusading brought distinction and recognition was widely understood into the fourteenth century, and features as a common theme in contemporary texts. Chaucers Knight, for example, represents an embodiment of the loftiest chivalric ideals and an idealised aspiration of many fourteenth century English crusaders.[6] In examining the extent to which crusading remained integral to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, one must first examine what is meant by the term crusade. The label crusade was uncommon before the 1700s and, contemporarily, there was no single accepted term; words that suggested travel (often combined with references to Jerusalem, the cross, or the Holy Land) were used, and early sources often labelled participants as pilgrims or simply Christians.[7] It is therefore understandable that what constitutes a crusade is ambiguous and varies between scholars. Constable[8] gives four approaches to defining the crusades: pluralist, traditionalist, generalist, and popularist. Pluralists see papal authorisation as the key criterion for a crusade, irrespective of the nature or location of the conflict,[9] which therefore includes such conflicts as the Alexandrian Crusade‎, Mahdian Crusade‎, Battle of Nicopolis‎, Crusade of Varna, and the Hussite Wars. In a similar vein, generalists see all wars with papal connections fought in defence of Christianity as crusades.[10] Traditionalists, on the other hand, view crusades as expeditions from 1095 to 1291 that aimed to defend or recover the Holy Land, thus dismissing all later activity[11] with some arguing that this would also have been the view held by contemporaries.[12] Similarly, the First Crusade alone is considered a crusade by popularists, who limit this label to conflicts characterised by popular religious upsurges.[13] It is understandable, therefore, that scholars from th ese different schools of thought will have different understandings of the extent to which the idea of crusading remained integral to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. A golden age of crusading,[14] an epoch of crises and confusions, incoherent and diffuse[15] and a Indian summer of crusading[16] have all been used to describe fourteenth century crusading and, indeed, there is much debate surrounding the nature of crusading in this period. The devastating loss of Jerusalem and Acre in the 12th and 13th centuries may have motivated Christians to act and roused them to the reality of Christianitys precarious position in the Levant, and wandering kings such as Peter I de Lusignan and King Leon VI of Cicilian Armenia may have helped remind them of the fortune of fellow Christians in foreign lands.[17] Even with repeated and expensive attempts, the early fourteenth century saw no successful crusades to recover the Holy Land.[18] Despite papal taxation, proposed by the Second Lyons Council, domestic needs of rulers, who accepted taxation insofar as they could benefit from it, meant that they could not support the idea of funds being used by another ruler in the organisation of a recovery crusade.[19] Traditionally, this failure to launch an expedition to the holy land is understood to indicate the end of the age of crusading and an increase in conflict which made difficult the international cooperation needed to launch such an expedition. The early to middle of the fourteenth century was certainly a difficult climate for crusading: the suppression of the Knights Templar had created a sense of confusion and anxiety, joined with a feeling of disenchantment due to the abandonment of attempts to reclaim the Holy Land.[20] Understandably, many nobles at this time regarded crusading with a sense of suspicion and caution, despite family tradition,[21] and financial and political factors upon which crusading relied were affected by plague, the Anglo-French war, and the collapse of the Italian banking houses (upon which papal taxation of the Church depended).[22] These factors make it easy to comprehend why many may have agreed with chronicler Salimbene of Adam that it is not the divine will that the Holy Sepulchre should be recovered.[23] Traditionalists are inclined to label crusading activity in this period as an irrelevant hobby confined to enthusiasts, unimpressive compared to former achievements, far removed from the harsh realities of the age,[24] and little more than an aftermath in crusade history.[25] Indeed, crusading activity in this period was characteristically dissimilar from the general passagia before it; the Holy Land remained out of Christian control, with focus turning less towards seemingly unattainable holy places and more towards the hethenesse (that is, the land of heathens).[26] Despite this shifting focus, religion was, of course, still a major factor in the continuation of crusading activity. According to Huizinga, medieval thought was saturated in every part with conceptions of the Christian faith,[27] and of the ten chivalric commandments assigned by Gaultier in 1883, three are concerned with the church and defence of Christian religion.[28] There was no doubt a strong religious factor in embarking upon crusades in the late Middle Ages. The first and principle glory of the dignity of true chivalry is to fight for the faith according to Philippe de Mezieres;[29] Duke of Bourbon, Louis IIs, motivation for commanding the Al-Mahdiya crusade in 1390 was his similar desire to serve God;[30] wanting to expand Christianity by dedicating himself to Gods service is apparently John of Neverss reason for his enthusiasm for the Nicopolis crusade; [31] and references to the honour of God and the Virgin were made at the Feast of the Pheasant in the mid-fifteenth centur y. Although it is hard, if not impossible, to know an individuals true feelings in regards to faith, chivalric culture continued to emphasise religious piety and the lofty ideals of crusading, and there is no cause to suspect insincerity in such devotion: the knight John de la Ryvere, for example, supposedly abstained from all conflict that he deemed morally unjust whilst on campaign and Robert, Lord Fitzpayn, described a readiness to destroy bodies, friends and wealth for the sake of the crusade.[32] No doubt an image of the sacrifice of Christ was not overlooked in these seemingly martyrlike desires to serve God,[33] and the great suffering involved meant crusading was often regarded as superior to other forms of pilgrimage. 12th century French Dominican friar, Humbert of Romans, for example, believed that crusading represented the highest form of pilgrimage, as crusaders expose themselves to death repeatedly.[34] Furthermore, Mamluks, Turks, and other enemies of Christianity must have seemed worthy targets of retaliation for the suffering of Christ.[35] Furthermore, crusading was also a means of redeeming the soul: in the fourteenth century, atoning for the sins of others, both living and dead, was encouraged of crusaders; concern for salvation of the dead was reflected in 1365 lobbying of the pope for indulgences for those who gave masses in memory of ancestors, and church rites and rituals for the crusades are well attested, such as a specially adapted group of psalms and pra yers inserted between the breaking of the Host and the Pax Domini before communion to invoke divine aid for the Holy Land.[36] Chivalrys religious ideals were not the lone causes of the continued relevance of crusading; reputation and honour were major factors, alongside friendships and loyalties, encouraged by cultural contact between European courts[37] and the fact that crusading allowed a chance for knights to distinguish themselves from rivals. Social and material advancement was a coveted reward for the military prestige associated with crusading; for example, upon his return from Constantinople in 1368, servant of Sir John Mowbray, John Dodenill, was promoted to post of warrener.[38] These factors are reasons for why the idea of crusading remained relevant to chivalric culture in the fourteenth century, and for why the importance of crusading activity in this period should not be overlooked or underestimated. Failure to organise an expedition to reclaim the Holy Land was not due to disinterest on the part of knights, but was instead caused by complex political factors of the time, such as the conflict between England and France, and the papal schism. The challenges of this period may have been discouraging, but it has been argued that, between 1307 and 1399, English knights enjoyed their greatest degree of opportunity and freedom, with shorter crusade service terms and a wide range of war frontiers encouraging an eager response that, according to Guard, can be considered to rival, if not eclipse, the response to crusading in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.[39] For this reason, it is not hard to see why many scholars have labelled the fourteenth c entury a golden age of crusading.[40] Just as fourteenth century crusading differed from early crusading, the fifteenth century saw a further shift, with the September 1396 Nicopolis disaster viewed as a turning point[41] that saw the start of major changes taking place within both crusading and chivalry. Factors such as Henry IV and Vs increased demands for war, and domestic political crises at the end of the fourteenth century meant a reduction in crusading numbers and a decrease in the diversity and range of crusading which had been so characteristic of the previous century.[42] The Lancastrian revolution in the last year of the fourteenth century ended the atmosphere of co-operation and idealism which had supported crusade planning at intermittent times during the fourteenth century and ensured there were no additional attempts at organising a combined Anglo-French expedition. The romantic idea of crusading still held power, though; a desire for the king to eventually reclaim the Holy Land as a seemingly logical prog ression of the 1415 Agincourt victory is presented in the Gesta Henri Quinti, and according to Burgundian chroniclers, Henry V had exchanged crusade vows before the offensive against the Dauphin in 1420.[43] But times had changed and international crusading had come under pressure from many directions. The continuing centralisation of the monarchy and growing debate and criticism regarding the kings duty to act for the greater good assisted an increasingly strong sense of the geographical confines of the crown. Church propaganda and patriotism validated a monopoly on military resources for the war with France, and thus focus was shifted closer to home, which can be seen in the fact that, after Henry V, a king would not fight at the head of an army outside the British isles again until Henry VIII and the Battle of the Spurs in 1513. Crusade opportunities began to dry up. In short, the political and social climate previous to the Nicopolis crusade could not be recovered.[44] In the fifteenth century, crusadings main adversaries became the Ottoman Turks. English knightly traffic to Rhodes and other outpots of Christianity persisted, but their military impact and numbered were minimal and by the end of the Hundred Years War, the audience for which Chaucer and Mezieres had written had largely disappeared.[45] Furthermore, the idea of chivalry as a value system was coming under increased pressure, and the role of the knight in English society was changing, edging towards a less martial occupation. Conventional ideology remained in place but in the first decades of the fifteenth century, decisive changes in the character of contemporary chilvary came to light, with movement away from the dynastic wars of the fourteenth century towards what was formatted as a struggle for the respublica.[46] Concepts of sovereign authority, legitimiate war making and the guiding principles of profit and loss helped shape military expectations, and from the very begin of the Hundred Years War signs of the pressure of standards quite other than those on which chivalry was founded had been apparent. Therefore, in conclusion, it seems that crusading did remain a defining function of chivalric society, particularly in the fourteenth century, which was the so-called golden age of English chivalry. In the fourteenth century, it was a diverse, multifaceted, and vibrant set of practices,[47] which is particularly impressive against the aforementioned backdrop of hindrances and setbacks.[48] Crusading remained integral to chivalric culture in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries because it exemplified so many chivalric ideals, from religious piety to However, it is hard to say to what extent crusading itself is integral to chivalry, as much as its values are. Crusading exemplifies the idea of a pious, sacrificing knight, which is no doubt why it was a popular expression of chivalry in the fourteenth century. In the fifteenth century, but more recent views do tend to emphasise renewed vitality of this new crusading activity, This new crusading was characterised by its decentralisation and diversity, made up of smaller expeditions not in the Holy Land but on the edges of Europe.[49] Whatever the case, there is a lot to be said for stressing the adaptability, as well as the sheer resilience, of the movement. [50] As a final note, it seems almost wilfully short-sighted to take a traditionalist or generalist view in this matter; to the participants, these crusades must surely have seemed as valid and as crucial as any before them. It is easy to overlook or underestimate their significance in retrospect, and one must remember that, to contemporary minds, recapturing the Holy Land was still an uncertainty. Even if the fighting was not in the Holy Land itself, it surely served the same purpose in the spiritual lives of the participants. Characterised by fighting in the hethenesse, as opposed to the expeditions to holy places that defined early crusades, Bibliography Constable, G. 2001. The Historiography of the Crusades. In Laiou, Angeliki E.; Mottahedeh, Roy P. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. 1-22. Crouch, D. 2005. The Birth of Nobility: Constructing Aristocracy in England and France 900-1300 Gaultier, L. 1891. Chivalry: translated by Henry Frith. Guard, T. 2013. Chivalry, Kingship and Crusade: The English Experience in the Fourteenth Century. Hazard, H. W. (ed.) 1975. Chapter One: The Crusade in the Fourteenth Century in The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. 2-26. University of Wisconsin Press . Housley, N. 1992. The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar. Oxford University Press. Housley, N. 1999. The Crusading Movement 1274-1700 in Riley-Smith, J (ed) The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press. Housley, N. 2017. The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century: Converging and competing cultures. Routledge. Huizinga, J.H. 1938. The Waning of the Middle Ages. London. Kaeuper, R.W. 2009. Holy Warriors: The Religious Ideology of Chivalry Keen, M. 1984. Chivalry. Yale University Press. Keen, M. 1996. Nobles, Knights and Men-at-Arms in the Middle Ages. Bloomsbury. Lock, P. 2006. Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. Manion, L. The Loss of the Holy Land and Sir Isumbras: Literary Contributions to Fourteenth-Century Crusade Discourse in Speculum. Vol. 85, No. 1 (JANUARY 2010). 65-90. Powell, J.M. 1995. Rereading the Crusades: An Introduction in The International History Review, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Nov., 1995) Riley-Smith, J. 2009. What were the Crusades? Palgrave Macmillan. Saul, N. 2011. Chivalry and Crusading in For Honour and Fame: Chivalry in England 1066-1500. Bodley Head. [1] Keen, 2005. 44-45. [2] Powell, 1995. 667-668. [3] Keen, 1996. 2. [4] Riley-Smith, 2009. 23. [5] Keen, 1996. 2. [6] Saul, 2011. 230. [7] Constable, 2001. 11-12. [8] Constable, 2001. 11-12. [9] Riley-Smith, 2009. 27; Housley, 1992. 2-3. [10] Constable, 2001. 14. [11] Constable, 2001. 12. [12] Housley, 1992. 3. [13] Constable, 2001. 15. [14] Housley, 1992. 402. [15] Guard, 2013. 15. [16] Saul, 2011. 230. [17] Hazard, 1975. 5. [18] Manion, 2010. 65-66. [19] Housley, 1999. 262-264. [20] Housley, 1999. 261. [21] Housley, 1999. 261. [22] Housley, 1999. 261. [23] Housley, 1999. 261. [24] Huizinga, 1938. 87. [25] Housley, 1999. 266. [26] Saul, 2011. 230. [27] Huizinga, 1938. 65. [28] Gaultier, 1891. 26. [29] Keen, 1996. 3. [30] Housley, 1992. 401. [31] Housley, 1999. 261. [32] Guard, 2013. 145. [33] Guard, 2013. 157-158. [34] Kaeuper, 1999. 73. [35] Kaeuper, 1999. 73. [36] Guard, 2013. 154. [37] Guard, 2013. 173. [38] Guard, 2013. 126. [39] Guard, 2013. 208. [40] Housley, 1992. 402. [41] Hazard, 1975. 25; 647. [42] Housley, 1999. 275-276. [43] Guard, 2013. 213. [44] Housley, 1992. 78 [45] Guard, 2013. 213. [46] Guard, 2013. 214. [47] Manion, 2010. 65-66. [48] Housley, 1999. 266. [49] Saul, 2011. 230. [50] Housley, 1999. 266.

Integrating Technology for Better School Security Essay -- essays pape

Integrating Technology for Better School Security Using new technology for better school security is not always easy because it is difficult to address the correct problem with the right equipment, there also exists economic issues, and mental unrest among staff and students. School safety is an issue that has been concerning this country for many years. With the populations of our schools growing, the crime rates with in them have been as well. The student to staff ratio has greatly increased and there are concerns on how to regulate student behavior as well as crime prevention among students. Along with regulating student behavior, more security issues need to be addressed in order to maintain a safe school. For example, more schools have now been upgraded with better computer systems for the staff and students. Students now have computers in every classroom and better equipment for their specific classes. This new equipment is very costly and it is a long process for the school district to obtain. School security measures need to be taken to avoid the theft or damage of these new, expensive technologies. More needs to be considered before resorting to extreme measures of security for schools. The issue that the specific school is facing must be addressed in the correct fashion. Meaning that an analysis of the school and every aspect of it must be taken. The schools budget must be looked at, as well as history of misconduct and/or crime. A school’s financial situation must be one of the most important issues looked at when considering new security equipment. Most of the county’s school districts are already in a money slump right now. The budget for school funding is low and is getting lower by ... ...ist (1995). Risks to students in schools. Washington D.C. Office of Technology Assessment. (2003). Datastrip’s ID Cards, Bar Codes Scanner Ensure Student Protection. THE Journal, 31, 27-30. Blackburn, M. (2001). Mikulski urges U.S. funds for special education: The Sun, Local, 3B. Lane, K. (1996). The School Safety Handbook, taking action for students and staff protection. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing. Schneider, T. (2001). Newer Technologies for School Security. (ERIC Digest No. 145) Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management. (ERIC Document Reproductive Service No. ED449550.) Trump, K. (2004) School Security Equipment and Technology, National School Safety and Security Services, http://www.schoolsecurity.org/resources/security-equipment.html Watson, R. (1995). A Guide to Violence Prevention: Educational Leadership, 52, 57-60.

Destin Brass Product Co Essay

Established in 1984, Destin Brass Products Co. had grown to become a significant player in the industry of manufacturing water purification equipment. By identifying a market for water purification valves, Destin Brass quickly built brand awareness and a customer base. Destin Brass developed propriety manufacturing techniques and had a deep understanding of working with brass. This competitive advantage led Destin Brass to add pumps and flow controllers to its product range. Valves, Pumps and Flow Controllers represented 24%, 55% and 21% of company revenues respectively with each having a planned gross margin of 35%. In recent times, manufacturers of pumps had entered into a price war forcing prices down and consequently Destin Brass saw its gross margin on pump sales drop to 22%. At the same time, Destin Brass had found that the price elasticity of demand for Flow Controllers was relatively inelastic, when it increased prices by 12.5% with no effect on demand. Confused by competitor moves in the price cutting of pumps, the managers at Destin Brass considered if competitors simply didn’t know what they manufacturing costs were, but it was more likely that problems may lie within Destin Brass’s cost accounting system. Destin Brass currently had a traditional cost accounting system in place. The system took into account direct and indirect costs based on production and sales activity. Each produced unit was charged for material cost based on component costs and labour costs based on production run labour times. Overheads were then allocated in a two stage process and yielded standard unit cost of $37.6, $63.1 and $56.5 for valves, pumps and flow controllers respectively. An alternative to the traditional approach would be to forego overhead cost allocation altogether. Material and set-up labour cost overheads would be allocated to each product line and machine hours would be changed for labour dollars as the basis for allocating the remaining factory overhead. This revised approach reduced pump and flow controller unit costs to $58.9 and $47.9 but increased valve unit costs to $49. A final approach involved more accurately distributing engineering costs and the idea that activity, rather than production volume, drove costs. This activity based costing (ABC) system would be allocated on the basis of transactions. ABC yielded a standard unit cost of $47.2, $51.6 and $74.2 for valves, pumps and flow controllers respectively. The ABC system suggested that Destin Brass could reduce pump prices dramatically whilst still maintaining healthy margins and at the same time increase flow controller prices to maximise profits. The case illustrates that misused cost accounting systems can have serious strategic implications for a business.

Revenue Generation in Local Government Councils in Nigeria

REVENUE GENERATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCILS IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF OBAFEMI/OWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT Submitted by DAIRO ISAAC KUNLE Dept. Of Economics, University of Ibadan RESEARCH PROPOSAL INTRODUCTION Local governments are potentially very important for Nigeria as they play a significant role in generating revenue and encouraging civil involvement, as well as creating a visible link between taxes and service delivery. The increasing cost of running government coupled with dwindling revenue has left various local governments in Nigeria with formulating strategies to improve the revenue base. Despite the numerous sources of revenue available to the various tiers of government as specified in the Nigeria 1999 constitution, since†¦show more content†¦It study seeks to:- * Identify the various sources of internal revenue available to local government council; * To examine the prospect of improving the internally generated revenue of local government council; * Spotting of factors militating against effective revenue collection in the local government; and * Proffer solution to identified problems. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY Good governance is good money. Revenue generation can play a significant role in improving local government efficiency and reducing local government dependency. This essay would provide positive suggestion on how to improve the financial position of the local government councils. Secondly, it will provide useful suggestions on how to effectively manage problems of revenue generation. Thirdly, it will provide useful suggestions on the budgetary control system the council can embark upon. Lastly, this work will help researchers, individuals, organizations, higher levels of government and also local government councils on how to enable them meet their obligations. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The theory of public finance is a field of economics that is concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities. The proper role of government provides a starting point for the analysis ofShow MoreRelatedStrategies for Improved Revenue Generation in Local Governments2986 Words   |  12 PagesIMPROVED REVENUE GENERATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION Local governments operate at the grassroots and are expected to provide services to their stakeholders. In a federal system like Nigeria, local governments are close to the people and hence could effectively alter socioeconomic and political conditions within their jurisdictions. Apart from providing and maintaining basic infrastructures, local governments can complement the economic activities of other levels of government. ThisRead MoreHealth Care Vs. Healthcare System1052 Words   |  5 Pagesof many people and left others in deteriorating situation. Health insurance has been assisting avenue for many people; however, many are still left with no insurance. This essay compares health care system in United State and healthcare system in Nigeria. Americans have healthcare system that ensures that most people in United State are covered by good healthcare insurance. According to LaTour, â€Å"In 1965, passage of a number of amendments to the Social Security Act brought Medicare and MedicaidRead MoreThe Thoeries of Local Government in Nigeria.3698 Words   |  15 Pagesstate therefore created local government as the third tier of government whose objective is to ensure effective, measurable and efficient service delivery to the people. Local government is faced with various difficulties. The major concern of this paper is to dwell on these difficulties and illuminates the factors that are responsible for them. In achieving this, the paper relies on descriptive approach and unstructured interview. It concludes that problems of local government are multifarious in natureRead MoreRevenue Allocation System in Nigeria Pre- Independence.3775 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction Nigeria is Africa’s leading producer of oil and the seventh largest producer of crude oil in the world, and equally endowed with other numerous natural resources. But rather than utilizing its resources for maximum development, the country is unfortunately bedevilled with how to efficiently and effectively distribute oil revenues in an equitable manner. The revenue allocation phenomenon in Nigeria is basically the issue of distribution of national (resources) revenue, mobilized by theRead MoreTax Policy in Nigeria2265 Words   |  10 Pagescollected will be spent. In Nigeria, the taxation system dates back to 1904 when the personal income tax was introduced in northern Nigeria before the unification of the country by the colonial masters. It was later implemented through the Native Revenue Ordinances to the western and eastern regions in 1917 and 1928, respectively. Among other amendments in the 1930s, it was later incorporated into Direct Taxation Ordinance No. 4 of 1940. Since then different governments have continued to try to improveRead MoreTax Administration in Nigeria: a Case Study of Federal Inland Revenue Service(Firs)6621 Words   |  27 Pageschange in the economic environment in which it operates, hence the need to review the regulating instruments from time to time. Nigeria is governed by a federal system hence its fiscal operations also adhere to the same principle, a fact which has serious implications on how the tax system is managed. The country’s tax system is lopsided, and dominated by oil revenue. It is also characterized by unnecessarily complex, distortionary and largely inequitable taxation laws that have limited applicationRead MoreSocial Responsibility For The Welfare Of Society Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pagesas Yamusa postulates, involves not just charitable gestures by a company but also the application of internationally recognised best practices of business standards in its operations taking into consideration the dilemma of host communities and government and ensuring that issues of human rights, human capital development and the environment are incorporated into the company s policies and decision-making .Thus, CSR is an issue that borders on economic, legal, ethical, and unrestricted expectationsRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 PagesEnergy Market Analysis in Nigeria Daramola, Oladipo 2012 Leppà ¤vaara Laurea University of Applied Sciences Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Daramola Oladipo Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Bachelor’s Thesis December, 2012 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Abstract Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Daramola, Oladipo Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Year 2012 Pages 110 ThisRead MoreEconomic And Political Interests Of Oil Exporting Economies1799 Words   |  8 Pagespower of a country s currency instead of an increase in the government s oil export revenue (Frankel, 2010). The real exchange rate appreciates when there is no tight monetary policy to smooth government spending and avoid high levels of consumption; and also when there is no provision for significant proportion of the resource revenue to go into savings and domestic investment. The Dutch Disease is when there is a quantum leap in government spending, in building of infrastructure and non-traded goodsRead MoreTaxation as an Instrument of Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria13527 Words   |  55 Pages TAXATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA BY MOHAMMED NASIR MOHAMMED 08/02AC039 AUG, 2012 CERTIFICATION This research work has been read and approved as meeting the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) degree in the Department of Accounting, College of Management sciences, Al-Hikmah University of Ilorin, Ilorin. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mr. A.B Uthman