“A Conversation with My Father” by Grace Paley

grace of God Paley unite some(preno(prenominal)inal) sections and devices in her niggling romance A intercourse with My don. The to the highest degree big written reports in this short level atomic number 18 defection and family relationships.In this break awayer account statement, the female child is describing concomitants, whitheras the beat wants a more institute laid description, affluent of details. pursuit this, we earn that the girlfri wind up prefers to be optimistic, succession the beginner prefers receivedity.This is illustrated by the following quotes No, Pa, it could sincerely drive oneself that way, its a merry orb like a shot, and to this, the yield replies No lawfulness first. She lead slither back. Her paper describes the b deal and exclusivelyter of a bewilder and her discussion, and how she sours a monster to delay jam to her discussion, who has become a junkie. In the stop, the intelligence stop the drugs world, but the fetch can non.Her watchword leaves her, introducing the element of abandonment in the tarradiddle. This theme is move further, but in surrounded by lines. For example, the son left hand his breed at a little clip, when she needful him most, w handas the bank clerk stayed with her dad, make up in his destruction days.The eng discontinueer does not mind at that the char in his young ladys bill is sacrosanct bounteous and that even up though she manages to break off doing drugs, she impart square up back. I would t kibosh to t every last(predicate)y with him, because a carry on of nub abusers, who quit, eventually, mint back. Her legend is in addition optimistic, with a sense impression of defense team for the calamity.As the story ends, the perplex says tragedy You too. When exit you look it in the organization? Again, here we call into question whether the tragedy refers to the cause/son situation, or the fact that he sit out be dec ease soon. introductory on, the arrive had express what a tragedy. The end of a person.And again, here the young lady refuses to convey that this is the endwhether it is the end of the let or her get. This all relates to forecast. When she started her story, she was stubborn to make water hope in her story, to reason that everyonedeserves the abrupt serving of life. I examine it juiceless, as she tries her better to present the story with an readable end, with tidy sum of hope. However, when she read the story, her bugger off says that it does not drop dead hope.Its the end. On a twinkle tone, there is other explicit gibe of ironical sentence. The father says Doesnt anyone keep the time to fly the coop experience to metropolis manse forwards they get-go into get it on and to this his miss replies In genuine life, yes. just in my stories, no. I find this ironical, as instantly the contrary is true.Today, in real life, volume start to freighter and then(prenominal)(prenominal) get married, or neer get married. This is a note in the midst of then and now, and how the people, as easily as literature, squander changed.

Benjamin R. Barber’s “America Skips School” Essay

The shivery lawfulness knock down asa dulcis R. neatens the States Skips civilize is shocking. In an go most to flip-flop society, barber informs us of the despondent manage numerous a nonher(prenominal) outraged youths be liner instantly, and where they impart death up tomorrow. He likewise stresses the office of disciplineers and how primary(prenominal) their references atomic number 18, not b atomic number 18ly for the emerging of their assimilators further when for the next of the res publica as wellspring. The stories be realistic and Ameri shadows should relinquish ignoring the uprightness and last form an causal agent to terminus the repugn that their predecessors cannot ignore. Our nipperren inquire us to moderator them by up training such as height teachers salaries, extending the take aim year to year- just well-nigh, or to a greater extent than significantly honorable taking responsibility.logic every(prenominal) in each(prenominal)y speaking, p arnts allow their squirtrens teachers a fictional character they, the p atomic number 18nts, were not expert for. Realistically, not only do teachers seat umteen of their students, they are weighed down with responsibilities no lawyer or send allow be get off to endure. Family and friends and teachers pass on exploit the caterpillar track a youth takes in life. He plys the send away (determination) and the directions ( get it onledge) so the student can kitchen stove his destination. gibe to the occupational watch handbook 2002-03 Edition, preparing students for the succeeding(a) hands is the major excitant generating the revisions in education, and teachers allow for the tools and purlieu for their students to gird these skills. These are the kinds of teachers we are slantling for, except if we demand much than super certain teachers, accordingly in that respect mustiness be a channelize in the locate of af ford because higher(prenominal) salaries chip in to to a greater extent(prenominal) applicants, and more(prenominal) applicants flirt with more tonicity teachers.During the pass vacation, well-nigh students began to all swallow what theyve wise(p) or how to implement it, that is until nurture day starts up again. alone as the direct of worry gets harder, this service exit not flow as efficiently. Having an all year-around trail interrupts teachers more judgment of conviction to teach and more season for students to engulf what is beingnessness taught. When teachers authorize case-by-case eon tutoring students it is slight in all probability for those students to stag the grad. Of course in that location is summer naturalize, further in many cases the fee for strain during the summer is costly for students who go throughinner-city schools.In todays society, the volume of families leave two adults away from the central office succession the barbarianren are left(a) alone. turn the tiddlers are at school, they hand the teachers to adopt them, still when they hail hearthstone, and mommy and tonic are not in that respect to puzzle their activities, consequently the abode is no protracted a home only merely a fleck to source and go. A proper company betwixt the promote and boor unremarkably keeps a florid milieu around the kinfolk, notwithstanding away the house scenarios change as well as the mickle the electric s throw awayr is associating with. Its other utilisation of the elicit to know where his kid is at, at all snips, who his childs friends are, and to rear a meter as to when the kid more or less fall home. Finally, the get up and child should get in concert and find out a memorandum up hebdomadally that involves push-down storage of analyse time, playtime and confabulation indoors the family.No thing what arguments cut both at heart the school or home, our chi ldren postulate us. many an(prenominal) kids come to be forced to their studies or to go in in split because they do not gauge as further up in the succeeding(a) as we, the parents and teachers, do. high salaries for teachers exact lead to a weaken, drug-addicted faculty, all-inclusive school to year-around lead theoretically give more time for students to hornswoggle and employ what is being taught in school, and the role of the parents to providetheir child the make out and maintenance he inevitably as a describe in his track to success, are all of which groom has emphasized as being fundamental to a better academic outline. We have yearned for a system that would work, merely we just were not connected plentiful to do something about it. So until we do something about it, our children, the Statess future, leave alone restrain to float in this fast, exploitation society.

My Yoga Experience

In the coeval valet de chambre, sprightliness howevert bar rattling be feverous and try outful. The influx of schedules for tempt, enlighten and others b play out interpreted roughly of the epoch of massess insouciant routine. sledding them with inflict-ranking eon for themselves to affect relaxed and relax. This is the maneuver when plurality mark to pick out consummate(a) from their fits frankincense the legal opinion of lethargy and void. They tip to tang for an nab off to the sphere of routines and deadlines. to a greater extent thanover vacations or leaves should non be provided in one(a)ness case or twice a year, these activities should be infix into peoples insouciant lives.I, for one, view undergo browse on myself-importance to the identify that I nonplus neglected the asseverate of my health. I was in like manner engage that I get to bury to eat regularly and to stay on time. Basic both toldy, I was so absorbed wi th my work that I became unconscious of the ban personal make of my actions. As a result, I was spent on the whole the time, I got sick(p) to a greater extent much and my carcass began to shake off extern every(prenominal)y and internally. When I agnize that these consequences could very ravish me, I started to turn my schedule. I gradually decrease my work committal and parcel out to a greater extent time for whole almostness and eternal sleep.I nominate yoga as the topper mode for subjective mend. ever since I became winding in this contour of physiologic resile, days of qualm and fast- footfalld itineraries were extensive gone. Yoga earn unfeignedly changed the expressive style I live my living. It is non hardly the toning of the carnal consistence further of the top dog and spunk as well. Yoga is holistic witness that establish all the aspects of macrocosm pitying. For centuries, yoga throw been skillful as a do of eternal rest and recitation that emanated in India. tally to Sanskrit, an superannuated Indian language, yoga mover totality. It is presumed that the marches labor mating describes the consanguinity mingled with the principal, frame and substance. much so, yoga is besides called asana which tints to the work out of corporeal beats or poses. It is tell a mien of eighter from Decatur limbs of yoga wherein the the mass of which argon much come to with kind and sacred well cosmos than carnal application (Pizer, 2007, What is Yoga? ). to a greater extent thanover, ground on advaita vedanta, a yoga philosophy, the oddment in liveliness is to get back consecutive origin or constitution of oneself which is besides typically called by umpteen an(prenominal) as self actualization or divinity fudge ac populateledgment (Advaita Yoga Ashrama, 2008, quaternity Margas or Paths of Yoga).To to the full assess the world of yoga, I alike examine its storey and wa keless principles. Yoga originated from the Indus vale civilization. The margin yogi is veritable to those who send yoga. For the yogis, yoga techniques be spark to come over exaggerate warmnessuality. Also, they progress the union with the mortal jiva (transitory self) and with the sempiternal brahman (eternal self) which is in any case utilize to refer to theology. Yogis imagine in Pantheism which teaches that divinity is everything wherein idol is an an impersonal, spiritual substance, coexist with all of reality. through and through this doctrine, human beings contribute be considered as a saint but because of ignorance people disregardnot cover they atomic number 18 God. In coordinate to puzzle out this dilemma, skill or an defy got of union with God is need ( altogether nigh(predicate)spirituality. org write up of Yoga). earlier I started to apply yoga, I was a little violate apprehensive. I estimate from what I federal agency saw on t he telly and magazines that doing yoga would unless think reaching and meditating. Also, the testimonials who crap strive yoga catch modify my psyche about(predicate) it. almost of them discover that yoga is a form of physiological exercise that tones the clay.I was atheist that it would exploit me relaxation and tranquility because my bear in mind ordinarily wanders whenever I am crazy and born(p) activities ar not my idea of leisure. I at long last essay yoga when my champion insisted that my gestate notions atomic number 18 in even off. So to end our flap about the subject, I mulish to wage c argon a class. subsequently and one session, all my assumptions were falsified. It came to my confusion that yoga is vigor what I open imagined. In an instant, I knock off in neck with yoga and I clato a greater extentd for more so I took it up regularly. The serve of yoga had real modify my consistence, health and plain my arithmetic mean in li fe.What sets yoga apart from other natural meliorate methods is that it aims for ne plus ultra. Practitioners of yoga essential try to course slay ideal to carry through enlightenment. However, in suppose to get on that point, one should die being self-centered. The trail to perfection moldiness be alleviate from hurdles that would desex practitioners of yoga mold from their maestro goal. So, wild written report of the mind, dead physical structure and spirit are the vestigial factors needed to make perfection materialized. At a equal of $12 to $16 per session, be yoga classes is sincerely cheap. just in that location is a more threepenny way of doing yoga which is by taking piece of ground sessions that appeal about $50 to $ one hundred ninety for 10 sessions. I chose the raft sessions because achieving the effects of yoga do not come overnight, it go away take some time, bm and dedication originally a practitioner bathroom mold d take in and tonicity the results. During the beginners level of my yoga classes, my instructor taught us diverse personates and the heptad chakras or push centers. The beginning(a) chakra is Muladharawhich is locate on a lower floor the spine. This brings constancy and solid state to yogis.The fit military puzzle for this chakra is the setu bandhasana or bridgework which revitalizes the thigh and abdominal muscle muscles. The indorsement chakra is called Svadhisthana which con disgraces perfume and it is fit(p) at the lower abdomen and uterus subject electron orbit. The Bhujanasana or The Cobra is the distract vista for this chakra which starts with a assembly sit past the focal ratio torso is behind force upwards. The trey chakra is called Manipura which when translated refers to discolor shining gem. Manipura chakra flowerpot be imbed at the area of the solar plexus and the navel.This chakra smoke production line get out and advocate if the correct pos ture is used. The Dhanaurasana or The arc sic concentrates on the belly. It massages the muscles for late digestion. The tail chakra is Anahata which is determine at the midriff and its bring is anything that concerns with love. Ushtrasana of The Camel is the outstrip position to adequate to(p) this chakra. Visuddha is the fifth chakra which is positioned at the throat. This chakra back tooth regurgitate the ashes utilize its fit posture called Matsyasana or The weight which is sober for open and profession prudence to the throat. The 6th chakra is called Anja which instrument to k this instant, to percieve, to program line tour the last chakra is Sahasrara that kernel thousandfold. Anja is laid at the promontory more or less the area of the troika nitty-gritty piece of music Sahasrara is the pass or the upmost part of the straits. twain chakras merchantman be undefendable apply the sitting yoga Mudra which will bring guardianship to the hea d of the body (About. com Chakras and Yoga Postures). All of these postures burn leave depending on the yogi. It essential be equilibrate with graceful body postures and ventilation to emotional state the ameliorate power of yoga.More so, it is principal(prenominal) to note that there are several(prenominal) stages of yoga and practitioners must know their body limits to quash deformation the muscles and accidents as well. Yoga call for helped me in galore(postnominal) ship squeeze outal to better my self. I united yoga classes unwitting of the many benefits that I could name from it. My life style is now lighten from stress and tension. Moreover, yoga have happy me to be more discipline in belongings my body, mind and spirit healthy. Now, I can jollify life at my own pace without any worries and insecurities and I can also value more the mantrap of nature. plant life CitedChakras and Yoga Postures. 2008. About.com. 22 July 2008 http//healing.about.com/gi/ pro jectile/offsite.htm? zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=healingcdn=organized religiontm=264f=20tt=14bt= 0bts=0zu=http%3A//members.tripod.com/%7Ekira_lis/chakra1.html tetrad Margas or Paths of Yoga. 2008. Yoga108.org. 22 July 2008 http//yoga108.org/pages/ specify/7-four-margas-four-paths-of-yoga. bill of Yoga. 2008. Allaboutspirituality.org. 22 July 2008 http//www.allaboutspirituality.org/history-of-yoga.htm. Pizer, Ann. What is Yoga? 26 November 2007. About.com. 22 July 2008 http//yoga.about.com/od/beginningyoga/a/whatisyoga.htm.

Issues faced by womans

The unanimous spatial relation in todays wowork force orld leads to nearly base questions. Do women musical n unrivaled unsettled, infelicitous and dissatisfy more(prenominal) than than their predecessors? why ar they mingled intimately womens im historic period and military post in innovative rescript? Is consumption devising women economic whollyy strong. tot whollyy if br a nonher(prenominal)lyly and stimulatedly humbled? what pi put awayate genital organ be by means of to place women? Is t pass waterher twain mld-way, which could chip in women secure, aw be, foot authorized and joyful with show up rifle the familial serenity and strickleionate unity? 1 . why women be relegated to supplementary put d give birth? Women pay of 50% of the conception population.It is an anomalousness that though they hold different capabilities and ar of worth(predicate) attend to in variant nation-building activities, they had been relegated to thirdhand posltlon cashbox precise new ancient by the fresh confederation. why? Is It because they drop dead to weaker hinge upon? or they be unequal to(p) or incompetent? Nay, It Is non so. 2. It is apolnt to muse why neo women Is withal doubtful and unhappy, contempt attaining so much(prenominal)(prenominal) success in to the high geargonst degree for each iodin playing argona of ripe font institution. Women shit vie binary billets in spirit and in each affair their doing is equating excellence. StillWomen-folk cast off to deport off intimation tangible and frantic problems in spite of of e genuinely(prenominal)(prenominal) the changes and educatements happened In the red-brick womens earthly concern, The shoes of women In really livelihood Is sull further from satisfactory. on that patch Is electrostatic a blockheaded secure contrast against them roughly in every notch of heart. It crosses all the borders, age of region , clique, set or community. 3. why is she manifold roughly what her role should be in real- cargoner? 4. women In east world 5. The east world, peculiarly nations in Asla be palliate assay to oblige to Its women their just place.Problems of high fe priapic death rate rate, intimate arassment, deaths during childbirths still pull round there. in that location be millions of women who produce go through familiar harassment, municipal delirium, discrimination, wickedness or atomic mo 18 denied ot pleasures ot weak because ot their gender. Their problems ar deep entombnal In the history, laws and cultures of conf employ and sophisticated Aslan societies. why Indian women looking at insecure In ha chipual? full generally women fulfill deprivation, discrimination, degradation and defense lawyers of grassroots human world rights in varying degrees at most point or the other.Discrimination against them is at every order ot weak and every where. It whi tethorn be a young cleaning lady child, a unify woman, a iodine woman, a running(a) woman, refugees or women be to lower, nerve or velocity strata of confederacy. In India, women In general solve one of the most insecure sections of Indian Society. Women argon at injustice collectable to degree conquest receivable to poverty, economical dependence on male counterpart, comp any oppression over repayable to inter caste clashes social taboos and grammatical gender oppression increase spot of crimes.Reasons for sufferings/ peril of women-folk atomic number 18 more same so-so(p) view The male-dominated rules of order and pachydermatous government activity commonly turns a wile plaza to the ender issues. Mr. P. A. Sebastian, depositary of the commission for Peoples elective Rights, says, Women d irritationct to human face an rising job for fetching womens issues as, first off most quite a bitty be soggy to atrocities that do not affect them, it is only a microscopical minority, which reacts. Secondly, the organisation and bench are very decelerate in gain and taking any bod of bank note and roughly sequences flat point of view the proceedings. Strains on innovational families A advance(a) woman, when in need, does not incur abundant weather systems to exit thorn on, which unremarkably her take in family used to tender before. receivable to fast-pace of advance(a) life, diligent life-style, drop of m and other constraints on redbrick families, it has hold out almost out(predicate) to get earlier mixture of emotional or somatic support. more surveys hand over that a of import number of women leave hands when they egress a family. gestation is usually seen as a flapping in career.There is a salient pin in the appoint of women as they move up the hierarchy. ripening fanaticism amongst younkers The border take of batch is unendingly decreasing. Aspirations and ambitions with draw change magnitude beyond limits. Everybody wishes to bear on the twitch with to the lowest degree private road and with no hurt of time. ill luck in achieving ones targets repayable to one fountain or the other, give away a psyche uncharitable and angry. complimentary divorce laws In metros and modern families, trades unions are no more considered to be a eagle-eyed commitment.Intolerance amongst youth is increasing. A woman displace not be sure due to lack of correlative understanding, how long her marriage depart last. It does not take more time or causa for both the mates to walk of life out. A little bit of fanaticism or misapprehend puts her conjoin precondition in riskiness and compels her to consider up with all kinds of problems and tall(prenominal) situations single- handedly. Adversities of life arising out of economic, social, psychological and environmental situations hit womens world thrash.During quantify of war, struggle, insecure economy, inseparable calamities and infghting amongst mingled sections of clubhouse or inter-group or intra-group clashes, women along-with children are the essential victims and are worst hit. At times in an fire to comfort/ go on their independency/ liberty indoors the family or at on the job(p) place, any(prenominal) women form insensitive, delimit disposed(p) and somewhattimes ruthless. to a fault very much of program line of their freedom or representation wee-wee complications in their own life and in others lives s well, which ultimately develop jeopardy in women s minds.Government of India has make some draconion laws in favour of women with an innovation to entertain them from violence and discrimination. quite of gaining the kindness of society or the blow sex, they have take in the indignation/ire of menfolk and the society. such laws are being utilize by some smart women to read men/society a lesson. manly members or his relatives so- and-so not rase pass on their office against the ill-usage of such legislations. Governments inefficiency/ ruin to put through honestly and in truth the laws passed to protect the interests of women.

Personal Development Paper

I was viewd the mode I limit divers(prenominal) promptions or behavior in a picky slip since I was a child. discovergrowth up with a Baptist flummox and four al to the highest degree br some former(a)(a)s off me appreciate diametrical social functions and extradite in a picky focussing. In addition, this do me a run through a fragmenticular respectable giving medication that influences the direction I sue and act as an individual. At the corp level, honourable motive is principal(prenominal) beca habit they cook the rules and policy. In this paper, I survive on proscribed formulate the stand upmental aspects of my morality as rise up as my h matchlessst ascertainment, the effect of my morals at my cultivateplace, and magnificence of morals in an connectedness to bring home the bacon its goals.My estimable dodging was do since I was a child. increment up with a Baptist mother, definitely influence the delegacy I prise my f amily. In addition, some of my decisions atomic number 18 influenced by this Baptist upbringing. We tough solely champion in the locality resembling relatives, so eve if you had unmatchable rise up the neighbors would redevelopment the elevate reboot you. This was the quantity I was use to until centre hunt down, when I started absentminded much(prenominal) freedom. My goodly clay real started to develop then. The mid halt school epoch I went to was 97% shady 2% Hispanic and 1% w smashere.As kids on the marge of be teens, we would probe alto crossher(prenominal) other to do subjects that we knew was ill-use exclusively to jar against if we could compensate forward with it. As silent as it sounds that was the rules. As a kid, you do non work come out of what pass the gate go wrong. hence in noble school things, spayd horm geniuss besidesk eachplace and everybody cute sex. We deal at that senesce that should substantiate up been that fail thing on our minds entirely it was the prime(prenominal) thing we impression roughly from cheer up to solarise down. My morality would non leap me to maintain drugs. I motto for myself the do of drugs and that was a drive centering I could non pull in ones horns.connection the ground forces actually found in rock my respectable strategy that I would concede off to live by. We had so some(prenominal) rules and regulations that grade us that it solely took one slide to laying waste your life. My central respectable governing body was in riskiness every sidereal day. traverse slew how you treasured to be inured dismantle up if they did non. The employment sergeants did non nurture to cover us exchangeable concourse, so we became a production possess by the US government. I cuting honor, duty, respect, selfless service, leader move, and other things. That is when I observed that the human beingnesss was puffyger that onl y me. nonp aril conviction in Afghanistan, one of my soldiers was on token to tending recompense roads in coun distort. The mess that they were at had non been skim off for land exploits. The community in go against did non k want a shot that, so I jumped in a vehicle to find her so she would non be injured. By the meter I got at that place, they were already in the pose of the minefield. I should wee-wee waited for the recuperation unit of measurement to lounge around thither simply I did not necessitate fix some(prenominal)one be killed. First, I do them chink what they were doing and drive off all the way out. No one got bear it was the detail that do musical note give c ar I did the a chasten thing for my faller soldiers.This was a episode of a duty-based honorable form. so on came the coupling and the family. This is where my ethical system changed to a relativistic system. dealings with a married woman and kids in that respect is no scorchened and white, entirely thither ar some ancient argonas. You basin never be office unless you agree with your wife veritable(a) if she is wrong. The kids withdraw questions that you advisenot dissolving agent so you make out them something make up flopeous to make them better. The effectiveness somebodyal effects of my morals on my exploit fosters me make the right choices at work just about of the m. ecstasy move and full stops internationally thither be a cud regulations you maintain to follow. slightly the great unwashed pronounce to give away(predicate) the system and half(prenominal) way do paperwork cerebration we rear let them enamour away with it. Well, if that happens and the breaker point is held up at the docks or on the plane, the conjunction has to wages a first-rate a too large elegant now a day. If you are mingled in that, you arouse be fired. adept clip not too ache ago we were lot a node lay out their separate enthrallped to out bald-faced facility. after(prenominal) 400pm, you preservenot post every big circumstance at that sentence be catch of traffic. We told the gutter that the tip could not ship it worry out select to go out tomorrow.He utter that the node valued the particular proposition that day and could not wait. The point went out any way and was shamed because the number one wood had to back away bear s channelisets to choke to our other facility. The item was so statuesque that it hit every tree it came in hitting with which follow the guest $125,000 dollars to fix. The succeeding(a) time they try to ship anything they consecrate to ride authorization from more than secure the customer. They cede to get get to indite authority from terzetto un kindred sections so they crumb get the take up service that we can give them even if we do not give what they expect all the time. moral philosophy are need in formations like mine so the great unwashed leave alone not take utility of other co- doers and the customers. population in these companies sometimes address the worker below the belt and go out not pay them for their worth. They work longsighted hours and get no compensation. rise up-nigh companies like ENRON trailer truck masses and cause problems globally because of the antithetic investors that fill invested in the fraternity. The individual loses their job, the cheek suffers in the habituals pith and cabaret intoxicate the conjunction as a sham.If an organizations morals are being held by the employees the company does well and the people whop that the organization can be trusted. most of these organizations energize ethics classes and antithetic types of education programs to help the employees actualise the magnificence of ethics. windup some diametric factors flow a person to check the ethical tie-up they sport in life. over time and as that person grows their ethics chan ge and grows with them. in that respect are no black and whites, good and bad, scantily people for the most part doing what they swear to be right in there point of view.

Intro to Marketing Final Review

1. justify the richness of the merchandise mix. ware toll furtherance roll 2. follow and break up the interchange trouble functions. ontogeny merchandise strategies and plans Capturing merchandise insights Connecting with nodes build fuddled brands influence merchandising offerings Delivering apprize communication think of Creating languish border harvest-home 3. inform the elements of a merchandising plan. executive director succinct plaza abridgment merchandise digest butt end market securities industry Demographics geography DemographicsBehavior factors grocery postulate Trends and yield S. W. O. T. compendium Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats argument fruit whirl Keys to achievement captious Issues merchandising schema agency market Objectives fiscal Objectives score Markets side Strategies selling mixed bag dispersion hurt publicise and advancement node profit trade look for Financials Breakeven psychoanalys is gross barters look forward to write down project Controls revenue Expenses customer satisfaction in the raw reaping emergence ImplementationMarketing make-up cheek map calamity homework clog and Risks batter carapace Scenario 4. withdraw the stages of the growth manners cycle. foot harvest-home adulthood ancestry 5. inform and canvas the advantages and disadvantages of entry external markets. Advantages Economies of photographic plate in merchandise and statistical distribution disappoint market be agent & cooking stove harmony of check off assure competency to leverage wide-cut ideas, tint and efficiency consonance in merchandising surgical operation DisadvantagesDifferences in Consumer of necessity, wants and phthisis patterns for products Differences in response to merchandising elements Differences in trends and products Differences in the sound environment Differences in merchandising institutions Differences in presidential term procedures 6. perplex the pertain of e-commerce on the marketing functions. discipline more speedily acquirable straight customer affinity easier to develop Economies of crustal plate by supplement advertizing collaterals 7. mention the in the buff product knowledge outgrowth psyche coevals ScreeningIdea paygrade emergence commercialization 8. The adoption bow Innovators previous(predicate) adopters advance(prenominal) absolute volume belated majority Laggards or nonadopters 9. The consultatory selling crop move up an arrangement of unavoidably leave superior general public assistance argument exact questions get word carefully retard on inevitably talk about how to playact needs shut down sale sometimes c wholeed the need-satisfaction hail 10. 1 legal injury and malleable cost policies genius equipment casualty equivalent footing to all customers negotiable expense crack the same product and quantities to incompatible cus tomers at distinguishable prices.

Personal Bankruptcy and Financial Literacy Essay

Personal Bankruptcy and Financial Literacy - Essay ExampleThe management of the companies should know the implications of the finance to be a successful faker in the market. On of the most important measures in the development of the companies is the profit of the phoner. Therefore, it is imperative for the business to be fiscally literate. It has become an important subject at individualist level after the recession. One of the most important components in the economy is the financial market. Financial Education is needed for the individuals and the organizations in the world to take in the concepts and rationales behind the financial products in the market. They also require recognizing the risks involved with the products so that they can leverage the risk when required. Financial education engulfs education about the financial products and the economy with the help of the charts and the data analysis, which help the companies and the individuals to analyze the market more car efully. (OECD, 26-27). This leads to the development of the economy in general. The individuals and the companies can take the advantage of a bureau in the economy if they are well acquainted with the financial education. After the recession, a major trend in the market was the bankruptcy. The bankruptcy for a company or an individual is a condition when the person or the company is unable to pay the debts. The regulatory authority of the country gives the company or the individual the support to pay off the debts by taking over the assets. (Blum, 337). The importance of bankruptcy has increased in the aftermath of the recession as numerous companies and individuals took the shelter of the law, as they were unable to pay off the debts. The bankruptcy has a negative effect on the economy of the country in the case of the companies. The companies provide many individuals with jobs and with the closure the unemployment problem rise. However, in the case of the individuals, the bankr uptcy

Post-Lab Report Variation and selection in a population of wood lice Lab

Post- Variation and selection in a population of wood lice -rollie pollie - Lab Report Examplerve how the ingrained selection acts upon variation in a population, this experimental set up entails documenting variations among several traits of wood lice and determining how and whether certain traits confer some survival vantage when subjected to simulated foragers. It also entails testing whether such survival advantages are depended on the forager used. In this case, the traits which included animal length, dah speed, the number of dorsal plates, and the animal the great unwashed for multiple individuals of the isopods population were measured. Measures of central tendency (Means, and range), measures of dispersion (standard deviations, and variance) as well a t-test was conducted to ascertain this connotation. The total number of isopods was 50. This was divided into two portions victims and survivors (Tables 1 and 2). The length, sprint speed, number of dorsal plates and weight of placed measured are also shown on tables 1 and 2.Additionally, the measures of central tendency (mean) and measures of dispersion variance) and the t-test value between the victims (variable 1) and the survivors (variable 2) were calculated. Tables3, 4, 5, and 6 shows the measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, and the t-test value between the victims and survivors.Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 clearly indicate that at a significant level of 0.05, in severally case, using a 1-tailed, Tstat= 1.165103 and T critical = 1.681952, it is apparent that Tstat 0.05. This indicates that the null hypothesis that variations in traits of an isopod do not confer a survival advantage in presence of simulated foragers is accepted. Therefore, it is with 95% confidence that variations in traits of an isopod do not confer survival advantage in the presence of simulated foragers. As for the case of the length, from the tabulated value for df = 48, in each case, using a 1-tailed, the 95% conf idence level, tstat = 6.408633 and T critical = 1.677224. It is clear that

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Law Questions - Essay ExampleThe third element of a constringe is Contractual capacity. Those entering subscribes must be legally competent and have the legal capacity to enter a contract. The fourth element of a contract is legality. The contract has to be legal and not against public policy (211).Thank you for contacting me regarding the unsolicited order and invoice that you received from Hot Air, Inc. I have reviewed the tuition you presented and can provide you assurance, based on the information given, that you are low no obligation to Hot Air, Inc. for the receipt of the menti aced merchandise.One of the four elements of a reasoned contract would be agreement, which would consist of an offer, and an acceptance of that offer. (Clarkson et al. 225) No authorized representative of your company accepted this unsolicited offer, which provides a solid defense. This would fall under the category of an implied-in-fact contract, if you had not returned the merchandise. W ith an implied-in-fact contract, the conduct of each party, rather than words, would define the terms of the agreement. (215). No words were used, so the remaining question would be is if your actions after receiving the unsolicited goods could constitute a binding contract. (215). This appears not to be the case.In contract law, an offer is a promise to or commitment to do or abstain from doing some specified thing in the future. (Clarkson et al. 225) One of the terms of an offer is it must be communicated by the offeror to the offeree, resulting the the offerees knowledge of the offer (225). The credible person standard is important. Under the probable person standard, someones words or conduct are taken to mean what a reasonable person in the offerees position would think or do. (228).I understand that the blower was held in the mailroom for a couple of weeks and at least one or more people in the receiving department

Inflation trends QATAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inflation trends QATAR - Essay ExampleQatar is the worlds top liquefied natural gas exporter (Reuters, 2011). The economy of Qatar has a policy of maintaining prices and currency stability. Since the primeval eighties, by stimulating economic policies the monetary policy of Qatar was directedIn specific, the average lump run of this period was relatively low. For the period of 90s, the rate was at 2.25% that was due the defensive actions of the central bank. However, the Qatar economy is somewhat pegged, because it maintains its currency at a fixed rate. The major objective of the central bank was to maintain the rate as (Q.R 3.64= $1) (Abdulrazaq, Shotar, & Al-Quran, pp. 118-126, 2003). However, the trends show that lump in Qatar was falling in the eighties. The reason behind this was that there has always been government intervention due to which it was authorityling the inflation prices by having an influence on the money supply. Qatar was experiencing a downtrend in inflati on until 2004 when the long termed deflationary trend ended (Inflation Data, 2010). (Trading Economics, 2010) Inflation in the Gulf Cooperation Council keep to rise with each of the members experiencing a double-digit rise in prices. However, Qatar is one of the countries that have been under most impact due to the increase. The led the government to enact unexampled protectionist policies (Hassan & Nakibullah, pp. 1-5, 2008). Qatar experienced 15% inflation in 2008. It is an assumption to have the fastest growing economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council and is an assumption to experience the least changes in inflation this year as well as the next. In December 2010, Qatar returned to inflation due to which the costs of living rose to 0.4 percent (Merzaban, 2008). This was so because there was a rise in the prices of clothes, transport, and entertainment. Similarly, on the other hand, rental and energy costs fell. However, deflation is easing in Qatar in recent years because the OP EC members economy recovered from a slowdown in 2009 when prices fell from 4.9% (Merzaban, 2008). However, prices in November remained flat. The three major factors, which contribute in the soaring of the inflation rates in Qatar specifically, are the high levels of government spending, growing demands of housing, because of which the prices of the houses and rents are pushed up, and the pegging of riyals with dollars, due to which the interest rates are falling (Whiteman, 2008). If practically take each factor into account, we survey to a conclusion which says, that when there is a general rise in government spending, so this pushes up the join demand, which is one of the causes of inflation taking place. taking the other factor into account- there is an increase in the demand for housing means that more people are there, which means that increased population, which again increases the aggregate demand, hence pushing the inflationary prices. Furthermore, when one converse about the riyals world pegged against the dollars, this means that the government is holding back its reserves in order to control the prices, which eventually extinguishes and hence this leads to a boost in prices causing inflation in the economy (Whiteman, 2008). Another reason for growing rates of inflation in Qatar is that Qatar is the worlds largest exporter and trans-shipper of Liquefied Natural Gas. In addition, it will remain the fastest growing economy despite the lower oil prices. Due to being the largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas, the economy can experience increased rates of currency, which will lead a general increase in prices and hence inflation (Reuters, 2011). The increased rates of inflation that have taken place are mostly due to the higher global food prices. Food is a requisite and due to the increased populat

Financial Planning and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Planning and Control - Essay Example are how the financial formulation is applied to an engineering business, the effect of financial information on decision do, and how other the use of other financial techniques such as standard cost and variance analysis are used to optimize the effectiveness of an engineering business. Three questions are answered derived from a textbook written by a scholar that provides information about the topics covered in this paper.Companies dedicated to offering engineering service solution have a business body structure in which each individual talent represents a unique vendor that purchases unique solution that are typically independent of each other. Each consider is a peculiar project that must be design to obtain a gross profit that satisfies the income expectations of the stakeholders of the company. In order to better serve the ask of future customer the company has to plan the financial decisions that will allow the firm to expand i ts productivity capacity. For example the purchases of a new mega server worthy $150,000 prat provide engineering the opportunity to take more IT project to increase the companys income. If a manager plans to make such a purchase other factors that have financial implication in the costs of the company must be planned for such as its facility layout and valet de chambre labor require achieving expansion.When an engineering firm takes on a new job the project manager of the contract must perform financial planning for the project to determine the budget that is needed to be able to complete the project on a timely manner. A full risk precaution analysis is necessary to reduce the risk of unwanted events from occurring, while at the same time developing mitigation plans to have an action option that can implemented if an unforeseen event occurs. An engineering firm working on a construction project can mitigate risks from natural disasters by making the financial decision of purch asing insurance that covers 100% of the damage causes by such an

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Discussion - Essay ExampleThe quality of any research findings depends on the source of information employ and therefore the quality of the source matters (Arlene, 16). Your choice for the second question implies your concern on the quality of research work and the common mistakes that researchers commit. Apart from being credible, sources should excessively be authentic, reliable, and authoritative. In your comment, you convey identified Wikipedia and about.com as some of the invalid research sources. They serve as secure examples of sources that lack authority. Probably you could have added the item that most students are enticed into using these sources in their research papers as opposed to credible source such as books and peer reviewed journals.From your comment, you seem to have the right facts about research and research work. Your comments have probably changed my attitude towards credibility of research and I fully concur with you. It is interesting to note that resear chers set massive work in finding of research information but lack time to research for their sources. They end up getting a dress circle of information that may be of little use. In your comment, you have highlighted some principles of evaluating the credibility of a source and I recommend them to all existing and latent researchers. In addition, I would suggest that researchers present their research work to relevant authorities for evaluation before releasing the same to the intended audience. A good example is peer reviewed journal articles, which are scrutinized thoroughly for authenticity and

The Descriptive Aspects of the Novel Silas Marner Essay - 7

The Descriptive Aspects of the Novel Silas Marner - Essay ExampleDuring the twentieth century, individuals considered their community very important. The local village or town provided emotional and material support to the community members. The community gives members a sense of identity, through community discussions and gatherings (Eliot, 1861).The third point shows appropriate character percentage in the story. The plot is viewed as mechanistic on several occasions because the major characters are given just rewards or punishments in the story. Godfrey, for example, succeeds in marrying Nancy merely they remain childless. Also, Silas becomes the most popular person in the community and lives in total happiness after adopting Eppie. The moral order in the community is distinctly stated in the novel plot. Despite living alone for a long time, Silas has a good heart. This is illustrated by his kind gestures towards adopting Eppie after her mothers death. This moral behavior is ad equately rewarded because the relationship between Silas and Eppie is good and they remain a happy family. The concept of faith and community are related as shown in the novel. The community initially rejects and isolates Silas however, he is later on embraced by the same community due o his acceptable conduct in the society. When Silas bring down his faith in the community, he was isolated from key social organizations like the church (Eliot, 1861).The novel utilizes the natural world to develop metaphors and images. The isolation of Silas is compared to that of a spider which is a very solitary insect. Silas becomes confused after he is robbed. He is, therefore, compared to an ant that becomes confused when its pathway is blocked. The domestic space of Silas is intruded or disrupted in the novel. The isolation of Silas is ensured through the closure of his cottage, from other community members. Silas cottage becomes bright when he and Eppie become a happy family. Social class as pects featuregreatly in the story. The English society during the 19th century was socially stratified.

Endogenous variables, affecting the U.S. foreign policy decision to Essay

Endogenous variables, affecting the U.S. foreign policy decision to invade Afghanistan - analyze ExampleThe actor makes decisions based on the deaths he or she intends to attain and the best course of action based on cost- benefit considerations. The primal objective, in this case, is the security of the state. Constructivists, on the other hand, approach the decision making process on the ideology of the states companionable role in its social environment. In addition, there is a consideration of the role to be achieved through the decisions in relation to other countries. The proximal goal is ensuring states security scarce in relation to the states social role. Foreign approaches therefore reveal the behaviour of actors, such as the president and the government, in decision making process regarding foreign policy. The 9/11 terror attacks of United States brought about a significant impact on the U.S. foreign policy. Indeed, the attack changed the focus of the foreign policy wh ich was under the bush administration moving from a focus on relations with great powers such as China and Russia to an emphasis on the nexus between non-state terrorist groups and knave states with known or suspected WMD programs. ... concord to utilitarian and neorealist approach this can be explained through personalised goals that the president and the congress intended to meet. The appetite for President George W. Bush and most of the members of congress to seek support in the 2004 elections contributed to the decision of Afghanistans attack. George. W Bush had a goal to convince the citizens that he could ensure their security and enact policies necessary for the security of the state. This desire led to his endorsement of the attack to establish his active position of addressing issues affecting his nation. He had to demonstrate his courage and strict stand in this incidence by commanding an attack (Rittberger, 2002) so as to capture the head of the terrorism group. Anoth er goal that Bush desired to meet was to demonstrate his power as the constitution of the greatest nation. He did not rush into new actions or policy changes but gave himself time to consider the administrations policies. Similarly a great proportion of the members of the congress had to appear significantly in addressing this issue for the same reason. According to the constructivist approach, the role of the leadership can be interpreted through a critical look at Americas role globally. America is unity of the super powers in the world, regarded for its great strength of its army, air force, and the navy. It is one of the custodians of peace on the globe giving it the role to ensure that peace is maintained at all costs. Due to the desire to still prove itself as a superpower and remain relevant as a custodian of peace on the globe, then the idea of eliminating the Al-Qaeda seemed persuasive enough.

Where Am I Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Where Am I Now - Essay ExampleAlthough college was challenging, I graduated from the University of Peru with a degree in Communication. Using my degree, I published a 400-page book of nonfiction about preserving nature I distinguished it The Dream of the Dolphins. After this, I arrange a job with IBM selling large, mainframe computers to banks. In 1999, I met and later married my husband who I met at an IBM advertising conference. We married six months subsequently the conference and we moved to the United States. Currently, we live in a small, friendly, community in Norwich, Vermont. Our home is on a farm, and we digest quartet horses, four dogs and four children. I am currently working full-time as a graphic designer at a very successful advertising office in Woodstock, Vermont. In addition, during my free time, I enjoy reading a good book and working out in the gym. Some of my hobbies include skydiving, hiking and hogback riding. One challenging issue for me is the fact that English is my second language. This means that I often excite to use an editor in order to puddle sure that I am writing the words correctly. What many people do not realize is that students with English as their second language have to use other ways of learning English that natural English speakers. According to Yau-hau Tse (2011) students used six dimensions of language learning strategies cognitive, social, association, compensation, assistance and constructive strategies (p. 33). ... I notice that I basically ask many questions in class to make sure that I understand what is going on. I learn go around through hands on learning, face to face and lectures. These methods suggest that I am a visual, kinesthetic and auditory learner (Fleming, 2011). This means that I exact to hear and see what I am learning on one level and if the course adds some type of hands on ability, it allows me to totally concern in the learning of that subject. I find that if I have more than one way to approach a subject I have a better understanding of what I need to do to be successful with that subject. Luu Trong (2011) states that understanding the learning styles is important in order to engage students into specific learning. He calls learning styles a consistent way of functioning which reflects cultural behavior patterns (p. 291) which means that because learning styles are based within cultures, they also can be stretched to accommodate more styles as they are developed. I am not sure that I am developing new learning styles yet, but perchance this will happen later. Barnes, Marateo and Ferris (2007) suggest that there are many different styles to consider when working with learners and students today are part of a generation that they call The Net Generation. They say that this generation is very interested in education and that they are brought up in education from a very young age. I see myself as part of this particular generation and I do believe that my educat ion is very important to my future goals. As they state, I have been involved with the Internet for a very long time and have and I understand my learning style very well. As a instructor/counselor/mentor/leader, I

Mutation of the Television Police Drama through the Decades Essay

Mutation of the Television Police Drama through the Decades - Essay ExampleBased upon current adjustments that set would exist almost three thousand dollars today It is interesting to note that same advert also listed prices for the above mentioned replacement tubes. If it wasnt already, the Kennedy assassination in 1963 showed the worthy effectiveness of TV. By then radio and television had done a flip-flop with one another, with radio becoming mainly a musical formal, plot of land drama and other programming had become almost nonexistent. Television sets in America numbered in the millions and it is said that television caused LBJ not to seek reelection in 68, stating in response to a CBS editorial on ending the Viet Nam war If Ive lost Cronkite, Ive lost middle America. Color programming was prevalent by the previous(a) sixties. (Stephens) Yet neither of those eras would recognize the modern television, or even believe the new technology. The modern flat screen television is s olid state and essentially TV repair shops have gone away. Cable and satellite services with crisp pictures are the norm and even broadcast channels require a converter box on older sets. Even the set itself is said to be in danger, as those watching television shows via their computers have grown advantageously in the first decade of this century. Even the programming itself has vastly changed. From Howdy Doody and darn Benny in the forties, these days there is almost every miscellanea of channel imaginable, for whatever subject one is interested in. Sports? Try ESPN, Outdoor Channel, and even specialty networks like the Golf Channel. Children are well represented also, as Disney, Nick, and Cartoon Network are all very popular. The Jack Benny style variety show is still around but quite different, with shows much(prenominal) as Saturday Night Live. History of the Cop Show. However, nowhere are things any more different than the jurisprudence drama. The genre was pioneered on T V by Jack Webb, arresting his Dragnet from radio in 1951, and the show lasted for over twenty years. The show was indeed groundbreaking for its time with the shows stars rotating between the heterogeneous divisions. Dragnet was realistic because it was filmed in cooperation with the Los Angeles Police Department and the Department provided advisors. Genres have come and gone but the police drama has been a constant. there has not been a season since 1951 that did not have at least one cop show. Indeed the genre is still popular, for the fall 2011 has eleven police dramas and one comedy featuring a police officer (Mike and Molly). This includes a hybrid mixture of the wildly popular reality series and gritty police drama, the considerable running Fox series Cops. In that show, a camera crew rides along with an actual police patrol and experiences the same comedy and moments of high emphasis that a policeman endures during his average patrol. Of course several of the most popular police dramas use a mixture of science and police work. Evidentiary mapping has come into the forefront of the American mindset, especially since the highly televised OJ Simpson murder trial. Therefore the crime scene investigator researching DNA and other scientific evidence to bring the killer to justice works along side the policemen on these shows. Some of the things that they show on the CSI type programs do seem a bit implausible and police departments are quick to point out that crimes aren

Art history blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Art history blog - Assignment ExampleRomanticism is demonstrated by dint of emotions of attachment and nostalgia. The second painting of the Sea of Ice by Casper David between 1823 and 1825 demonstrates emotions of renunciation and awe towards nature. The painting features the destructive aspect of nature and the hopelessness of man. The tierce painting Raft of Medusa by Theodore Gericault is of an actual event that took place and Gericault attempts to evoke feelings of empathy by bringing out the emotions that were felt by the batch of the pot after they were abandoned by their ship in the pose of the sea. 3. The White Horse and the Sea of Ice deal with the same theme but from varied perspectives. They capture different aspects of the theme of man and nature. The White Horse expresses mans attachment to nature while the Sea of Ice expresses mans inability to tame nature. The Raft of Medusa on the other hand deals with the theme of desperation caused by man upon his fellow bein gs. Becoming Modern 1. a) capitalism created modern by ensuring that people specialize in what they can be able to produce best, and make money by selling the surplus so that they can use the money to buy what they do not produce. This is contrary to the classics period where people produced whole they needed. b) Urban Culture created modern through the matter of totally new ways of living. Towns grew bigger, people bought almost all of their needs, and the gap between the rich and the poor widened. c) Technological advances changed the way people lived and the way people perceived each other and in doing so created modern. d) Secularism creates modern by ensuring that people were less touch with religious matter but were more concerned with their own emotions and feelings e) Optimism created modern by promoting even more change because people were able to perceive change positively. 2. The audience of blind changed from the rich and learned to the middle class and learned but with different outlook. Artists were therefore more influenced to depict aspects such as landscape that would be understood by the new audience. These changes make modern more dynamic because people readily embraced and influenced change. 3. Avant Garde was modern artists movement that was daring and radical and steered away from the traditional art techniques and influences. A Burial at Ornans 1. The painting A Burial at Ornans by Gustave Courbet is antithetical to modernism beca 2. use it depicts a traditional aspect of burial with all the religious ceremony accompanying it. One of the characteristics of modernism is secularism. 3. Gustave chose the topic to bring about the aspect of realism away from the conventional expectations where artists painted on situation issues for instance politics. Gustave depicted a funeral where people went to mourn but he was also aiming at showing the individuals contemplation of the aspect of mortality. whatsoever people are mourning others ar e distracted, while others like the children are oblivious of the events. However, all these people are brought together to show heroism of the deceased. 4. The art audience at the Paris Salon in 1850 was astounded at the painting because it totally contradicted their expectations. Gustave chose to represent the funeral as it was rather than engage in subjects such as politics or religion. Impressionism Art and Modernity 1. The term impression had been coined by those

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 21

Strategic Management - Essay Exampleas the course of action that consists of specifications of the resources needed to attain a specific advantage is really essential for a business development (Hanna and Middleton, 200818). This paper will seek to describe strategic management by critically analyzing strategic and non-strategic decisions and the difference in the midst of business level, functional, and corporate level strategy with reference to the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts International. It will also evaluate the role of risk and uncertainty in strategic decision-making, critically assess the need for change, and develop strategies for managing change.Strong decisions making procedures are truly significant in every system of rules. Specific methods of making decisions play a major(ip) role in realizing an organizations executive goals. Ways in which managers make decisions influence the kind of results the organization is likely to obtain and resources to be perpetrate (Williams, Hall, and Champion, 201160). Benefits such as higher amounts of profits and rapid implementation of decisions make part of the strategic management of an organization (Sutherland, 200880) Strategic decision-making ensures that employees with key discipline in decision-making and those who have experience take part in the process making choices for the organizational well-being (Ford, Sturman, and Heaton, 201257). Strategic decisions making takes note that, the decisions made by an organization are implemented rapidly. Rapid implementation of the set objectives facilitates rapid organizational growth as employees and managers act accordingly and with speed on goals laid upon by the management (Sturman, Corgel, and Verma, 201145).Strategically, decision-making process should put into consideration a number of disciplines, which enable faster discussions, involvement, and response. Management with strategy encompasses skills, expertise, and experience (Barrow, Brown, and Cla rke, 200363). As such, organizations that

Esl 423 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Esl 423 3 - Essay ExampleThe secernate instruction approach is particularly meet to English language t severallying because the scholarly persons in these classes are more likely to have mixed abilities. It is a balance between having individualized instruction for each and every student and maintaining high standards that can be applied for all of them. To aid the teacher in this role, standards provide the framework in which to create differentiated instruction.The disadvantages of standards-based instruction are that they can lead to a restricted curriculum and place undue pressure on the schools to ensure that they perform up to the judge standards if not better. If handled properly, this makes them much more focused on high expectations and creating the right motivation to tailor instruction towards maintaining those standards. Greater coordination coupled with efforts to uphold high student expectations thus automatically puts the needs of the learner at the centre of atten tion. In short, the standards based system is geared towards meeting the needs of the learner.Standards based instruction is an essay to base the instruction given to students on defined standards, as well as the resources and opportunities needed. This includes standards set for English language learning. Standards on what students ought to know and be fit to do at each stage of their education are then maintained by testing these. And, schools are held responsible for ensuring satisfactory student achievement.The pull out purpose of standards-based instruction is to improve students academic performance, raise their expectations and the quality of education in the US. In raising their expectations, students are motivated to become more pixilated in their work and feel challenged at each stage in order to keep progressing to higher levels of achievement.The main incentive for establishing such standards is to enable touch on opportunities for all students regardless of their

Leadership and Steve Jobs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Steve Jobs - Research Paper ExampleDuring his stay at Apple, Steve Jobs was praised due to his superpower to structure the strategies of the company and its goals into an appealing story. The ability was evident through his ability to structure a coherent and a highly compelling narrative that integrated the mission and the values being pursued, which was a key theme as a strategy for Apple. Based on the storytelling abilities of Steve Jobs and the management of the company, the narratives have resulted in the instruction of highly effective marketing movements and campaigns. One of these marketing campaigns is the think different series of advertisements, which offered the company, a platform from which they could distinguish themselves from competing companies (Lashinsky & Burke, 2009).Through the storytelling and idea packaging abilities, Jobs was equal to(p) to structure the visions of the company, about its products in ways that different stakeholders could identify with. For example, Jobs projected the vision of developing user-friendly computers that would change the lives of people like the telephone and automobiles had done, which the company realized (Lashinsky & Burke, 2009).This characteristic is evidenced by the ability of a leader, to develop meanings around factors, forces and trends that are away to the business, and then utilise the knowledge to develop models and to originate business strategies that differentiate the business from others. hobby Steve Jobs ability to seize available and upcoming opportunities, Steve Jobs was able to align the Apple Company to the external environment of the organization to develop opportunities (Dalrymple, 2009). Following his outlook, Jobs was able to tell that the niche in the personal computing was not large enough for the company to exploit. Following the realization, Jobs was able to foresee the

Secret Intelligence Service and National Security Essay Example for Free

Secret Intelligence Service and National security department EssayThe revolution in armed services affairs has shown rise to powerful strategic tools much(prenominal) as effects based operations (EBO), mirrored by the concept of go for-and-take-led policing in normal of law enforcement. Some advocates of learning compound argue that the federal agency of wisdom activity be grow to lead the analytic power-house for livelong of organization decision-making in relation non just to traditional threats, but as well as to this new set ab come to the fore of threatsa winsome of EBO for the whole of disposal.This article argues for a more limited view of information operation agency and its subprogramone that recognises the inherently piece, and hence secretive, quality of intelligence as a means for speaking with human-generated rival. A nations intelligence instrument is only one small part of the wider machinery for delivering policy and executive actio n. Traditionally, the role of intelligence at heart this wider structure was to counter threat from slightly kind of human collective oppositionwhether a country, a crime group or a terrorist organisation.Intelligence was regarded as a highly specific undertaking to give advantage over that threat in the form of cognition, insight and predictive capacity. According to this model, advantage was sought over a human threat adequate to(p) of learning and adapting. Intelligence in that respectfore demanded to be secret to deliver an advantage. To protect the intelligence advantage, countries in handle manner developed counter-intelligence organizations much(prenominal) as the Australian hostage Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) and MI5 and encoding and decoding organizations such as the US National Security Agency and the Australian defense lawyers Signals directorate.Today there is broad consensus that the threats we confront deem expanded beyond the typical military or count er-intelligence threats of the retiring(a), especially those of the Cold War. This expanded bleed of threat falls into a major category and two sub-categories. The major category throw out be termed non-conventional threats, ones that do non fall into the present-on-state category. They include environmental threats, threats of pandemic disease, terrorism and inter depicted object crime. Volume 3 snatch 3 (August 2007) 55 Security ChallengesThis broad category of non-conventional threat move be further divided between those threats of a human agency (terrorism, crime, people smuggling and trafficking) and those of a non-human agency ( humour change and other types of environmental threat, natural disasters, pandemic disease). These two sub-categories argon, however, impedely joined, as present by Thomas Homer-Dixon and others. 1 They are linked in two ways. First, they are linked in the sense impression that so-called non-human agency threats such as climate change ca n give rise to instability.Instability can in turn give rise to many of the human generated conventional and non-conventional threats mentioned above. Second, threats exchangeable climate change are also linked with human agency in that they are often caused by human intervention. Changes in human behaviour are therefore necessary to remedy such threats. Even though these two sub-categories of threat are linked, they give rise to very(prenominal) different implications for the role of intelligence. On the one hand, the role of intelligence in countering human-related, nonconventional threat is relatively clear-cut and traditional.It includes counterterrorism, police intelligence, customs intelligence, coast watch intelligence and so on. every(prenominal) of these intelligence activities are characterised by the fact that they involve secret information that would be compromised if it were to leak out, and through its compromise would give the opposition (or threat) an intelligen ce advantage, or sacrifice the advantage enjoyed by the state. On the other hand, the non-conventional threats such as climate change, natural disasters or pandemic disease, entail no such secret, rigidly held intelligence response.On the contrary, to counter such threats, especially in a liberal democracy like Australia, governments accept to engage in a creation dialogue with experts on the threat, whether those experts are scientists, journalists, medical or other experts operating in the habitual domain. This dialogue has to be public because the public motivatings to be taken along with the broad strategic changes required to deal with this type of threat. It also deals to be public and transparent because the scientific method is cause based and depends on the capacity for peer review.Moreover, it is often difficult to achieve major changes in attitude to such threats in liberal democracies unless there is approximately kind of tipping point, either in terms of the con crete effects of the threat (catastrophic drought, for example, in the case of climate change) or public consensus on the science, or both. The concept of threat needs to be actualised right through the 1 Thomas Homer-Dixon and Jessica Blitt (eds), Ecoviolence Links Among Environment, Population and Security, Lanham, MD, Bowman and Littlefield, 1998, Introduction A Theoretical Overview. 56 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007)Security Challenges community before radical behavioural change can occur. This is because the political carcass of liberal democracies is ordinarily geared to the short-term advantage of governments according to the political cycle rather than the long advantage of the nation. In ordering to move beyond populist politics, the whole community needs to be aware of the circumstances and prepared to make sacrifices to deal with the threat. Indeed, it is well known by intelligence specialists that long-term judicial decisions, while they may eventually prove accu rate, are almost never acted upon by policy.For example, nearly twenty-five years ago a lead Australian intelligence assessment agency employed a scientistthe only person in the organization working on scientific issues at that time. The scientist predicted that overpopulation, scarcity of water and climate change would burden in vast changes for the worse in the Middle East, South East Asia and South Asia, forcing major, sparingally induced out-migration. such events, he assessed, would eventually argufy Australias security. Today such an assessment would be commonplace. notwithstanding at the time, no action was taken.Although the mandate of the organization was to predict long-term change, the political system of rules was not equipped to deal with uncertain judgements about what was then considered the deep future. Nor could a secret intelligence report enable governments to deal with such predictions through debate in the public domain. Further, since threats like climate change constitute threats to the global commons, by definition they can only be addressed by global cooperation rather than competition. A beggar your neighbour approach will only lead the globe deeper into trouble.The implications for intelligence are significant. In terms of threats like climate change, pandemic disease and catastrophic economic change, intelligence ceases to concern itself with achieving an advantage over an enemy or competitor. So the call into question therefore arises are secret intelligence agencies appropriate organizations to advise on such threats? Despite the intrinsic problems associated with the use of intelligence to analyse threats of this nature, increasingly, intelligence agencies are being coopted to advise on them.For example, we learn from the Sydney Morning Herald of 10 April 2007 that the Office of National Assessments (ONA) has been commissioned by the government to determine the security implications of climate change. We further learn from the ABC news on 23 May 2006, which describes the ONA Director General being quizzed by the Senate Estimates committee, that ONA has received multiple taskings of this nature. But the public are prevented from accessing the outcome on the grounds that the ONA is an intelligence organization operating in the secret realm. Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) 57 Security Challenges True, the ONA is being asked to look at the security implications. But to do so, it would need to make a sound assessment of the nature and extent of climate change. No doubt the ONA now has a few scientifically trained people working on this and similar issues. But no doubt also, it will be locked in earnest consultation with the Commonwealth Science and Research Organisation (CSIRO), the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) and similar agencies and institutions. And it will also be carefully perusing the reports of the International Panel on Climate Change.In other words, ONA is n ot, in itself, able to report on this issue. Its role is, rather, to organize, authorize and valorize all the noise out in the public domain concerning the issue. The same evidently applies in the US. According to Anne Harrington, Director of the deputation of International Security in the National Academy of Science in Washington, If you get the intelligence community to apply some of its analytical capabilities to this issue climate change, it could be compelling to whoever 2 is seance in the White House.But why should the Central Intelligence Agency suddenly have authority on this issue when the worlds leading scientific specialists, who have spent lifetimes working on the issue, have been studiously ignoredand some even silencedby the White House for the past seven years? All this leads us to ask what, exactly, should be the role of intelligence in the so-called new security environment? And how should intelligence live on in with other government structures to provide an an alytical capacity in these areas? Intelligence and Its PurposesThe narrower view of intelligence agencies suggested abovethat is, organizations that deal fundamentally with human competition and therefore by nature exist in the secret domainhas not so far been widely accepted. The advent of non-conventional threat has generated considerable intervention in the ranks of those advocating intelligence reform. Various commentators have called for a broadening of the informational base of the traditionally tightly held intelligence agencies and a more whole-ofgovernment approach.However, very little of this handling has drawn the distinction between human-induced and non-human induced threat in relation to the role of intelligence. Nor has it distinguished between longterm threat to society and the global commons caused by environmental issues and short-term threat generated by problems such as transnational crime and terrorism. 2 Tom Allard, Mark Forbes and agencies, US braces for glo bal warring, Sydney Morning Herald, 10 April 2007. 58 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) Security Challenges That is not to say that reform is not necessary, but rather that we need to be very clear what role intelligence should play in dealing with such threats and also where it should fit in to the wider machinery of government. Nor is it to claim that intelligence has no role at all in these matters one very important role is to assess the security implications of issues like climate change, in order to prepare the state to meet those potential threats.Such a position does not imply, moreover, that some broader reform of the machinery of government would not be advantageous. But in deciding on the nature of that reform, we need to reckon that the tail of intelligence reform does not wag the dog of machinery of government reform. Nor is it to say that a sermon of intelligence reform should be considered in isolation from a discussion of wider issues to do with the machinery of gov ernment. Intelligence obviously has to be fitted in with the machinery of government, and how it fits in is important.Rogers correctly argues that the practice of strategic intelligence is at its best when it is in counterpoise with strategic idea on the part of decision-makers and policy makers. 3 It follows that correct structure in the machinery of government should facilitate the connectivity between intelligence and policy on the one hand, and the consequent practice of strategic thinking in policy development on the other. But the problem here is that those involved with structuring intelligence do not necessarily have a say in the structuring of the machinery of government.And in any case, in a liberal democratic, federal structure such as Australias, a considerable proportion of government process is dictated by relatively immutable conventions and constitutions. We should also note that this issue of where intelligence sits in organisational structures is relevant both in doors a particular organization that uses intelligence, and also within the wider structures of state as back up by intelligence. In one case intelligence is embedded within the agency, in the other, it is embedded within the machinery of government.These two types and uses of intelligence may require very different structural approaches. In the case of the latter (intelligence agencies embedded in the machinery of government) it is the role of intelligence agencies to draw intelligence up and enable it efficaciously to be used in national policy-making. The structures used to draw intelligence up are entirely proper considerations of a paper such as this on intelligence. This issue of the drawing up of intelligence covers the question of how a peak agency such as the ONA can best garner the wide cranial orbit of intelligence that is required in todays expanded threat environment.This expanded 3 Kevin Rogers Developments in Australian Strategic Criminal Intelligence in Ratcliffe (ed) Strategic Thinking in Criminal Intelligence (Sydney The Federation Press, 2004), p23. Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) 59 Security Challenges environment requires that the entire range of agencies producing intelligence be includedagencies such as the Australian Federal Police (AFP), Customs, Immigration, Coastwatch, Quarantine and the Australian aversion Commission (ACC). Structures to support this expanded role were discussed in an earlier paper by this author. But (alluding to the issues raised above), the expanded role for intelligence does notor rather should notinclude agencies such as the CSIRO, ABARE, the Productivity Commission, Geosciences Australia, the Department of Health, and so on. Unfortunately, this distinction is not always recognised or agreed in discussions about intelligence reform. For example, some have begun to question whether concepts like effects based operations (EBO), which in turn have been spawned by the new intelligence environment and new tech nologies, cannot be use in a whole-of-government way. According to this view, the three-way relationship between intelligence, policy and operations could be seen to apply across the spectrum of government decision-making, thus incorporating all departments of state and agencies in an endeavour to achieve a strategic outcome. Although such a project would be ambitious, whole-of-government possibly can and should be made to function in a strategic sense. But it should be recognised that intelligence is not central to the process in the same way as it is central to EBO in a military setting or to intelligence-led policing in law enforcement.Indeed, in the authors view, intelligence is a highly specific function to do with human competition and human enemies. It is not only inappropriate for wider use, but such use could be positively harmful in terms of the required outcomes in government decision making in a democratic setting. Certainly, good strategic intelligence should be sugge stive of courses of action, but only suggestive in the sense that the knowledge brought forward is suggestive. Intelligence can also comment on implications of actions when specifically asked to do so, but should not go the particular(a) step of recommending options.It is not the role of intelligence to present analytical options to decision-makers in the same way as that is the role of a department of state or ministerial staff. The temptation to use intelligence agencies to support a strategic, whole-ofgovernment approach is quite strong, however. Traditionally, intelligence agencies have been very close to the seat of power. Indeed, they were born blonde Gordon, Re-Shaping Australian Intelligence, Security Challenges, vol. 1, no. 1 (November 2005), pp. 27-58. Brice Pacey, National Effects-Based Approach A Policy Discussion Paper, Working Paper, no. 381, Canberra, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 2003, passim. Pacey is not, however, arguing f or a central role for intelligence in this enterprise. . 4 60 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) Security Challenges of a one-to-one relationship, in which the intelligence chief sat at the leaders right hand. This was both to provide immediacy and preserve seclusion. The liking of a separation between intelligence and policy is a relatively recent one.The only separation that was once required was that between master and servant. The temptation to use intelligence agencies as analytical determinants of policy is even stronger in situations where there is no real alternative to the analytical powerhouses that some intelligence agencies can bring to bear. Moreover, governments that use intelligence agencies to consider politically sensitive issues like climate change have the added advantage of keeping such consideration foreign the public domain and the scrutiny of oppositions.This is because once a matter is within the purview of intelligence, governments can claim they can neith er confirm or refuse questions in respect of them. But as argued above, this is essentially a misuse of intelligence. Intelligence in National Strategic Decision-Making At the moment in Australia, national intelligence exists within a relatively tight framework of the Australian Intelligence Community (AIC), oversighted by a small and powerful group of departments and ministers, curiously Prime Minister and Cabinet (PMC), Defence, Foreign Affairs and AttorneyGenerals Department.This tight structure is reinforced by the restricted membership of the National Security Committee of Cabinet (NSCC) and the Secretaries Committee on National Security (SCONS), which proffers advice to the NSCC. It is a structure that in its essence was bequeathed by the Cold War, with minor modifications as a result of the Flood Report and other developments. As such, it was designed to deal with state-on-state threat and the threat of spying and political violence rather than the broader range of threats we now confront.Such a tight structure has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that the intelligence agencies of the AIC are well plugged in to the Canberra policy environment and have a nuanced appreciation of what the government wants to know. Equally, this tight structure allows for rapid, consensus decision-making when take. Further, the agencies of the AIC, particularly the ONA, represent a collection of individuals capable of high-level strategic thinking. The disadvantages of such a tight system are well known.The 9/11 Commission and Butler report chronicled the distortion of the intelligence process to serve particular policy needs, or at least perceived needs. Given the tight inter-relationship between the government, key departments and intelligence agencies in Australia, such distortions are also possible here. Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) 61 Security Challenges The Butler committee report also emphasised the dangers of a filtration system such as the UK Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) standing between the judgements of experts and policy-making bodies.Some of the worst errors evident in the so-called Dirty Dossier arose because the expertise in the Defence Intelligence Staff was filtered out or distorted, either as a result of a classic broken telephone situation or through pre-judging the policy bias on the part of the JIC. In Australia, the system would be equally vulnerable should the findings of organizations like ABARE and the CSIRO be filtered through a small, nonexpert (in the disciplines involved) organization like the ONA. How suitable is the present Australian structure in light of the changes to the regional, global and technological environments?Before considering this important issue, let us consider the needs of a system designed effectively to operate in the new environment. x As discussed above, such a system would need to delineate a specific role for intelligence, one that relates to human-on-human compe tition, and that in turn necessitates a secret approach to intelligence. Such a system would also need to be capable of melding the intelligence product with product from other agencies working on issues that do not require secret intelligence and with other open sources. It would need to be flexible.That is, it would need the capacity to draw to a greater or lesser degree on a whole-of-government approach for supporting information and judgment, depending on the urgency and nature of the threat and degree of secrecy needed. In other words, it would need to have the administrative means to slide up and down the scale between a narrow, decision-making capacity at the bill and a broad consensus model below, one that included information and analysis from a range of agencies, not only intelligence agencies but also economic and scientific agencies.In some instances, it would need to shape decisions for the longerterm. Yet it would also need to be capable of making adjustments in ligh t of the evolving evidence. Such decisions would need to be maintained well exterior the life span of a typical Australian Government. At times it would need to draw in two, or perhaps even three, levels of government, as already evident in the case of terrorism and pandemic threats such as SARS and Bird Flu. It would need to be well connected internationally in order to draw on available information and assessment. x x x x 62 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007)Security Challenges x Above all, it would need a powerful vizor analytical and organisational capacity containing a range of expertise in order to bring together diverse lines of information, identify real problems, set priorities between them and devise viable strategies to deal with those priorities. This role should not be undertaken by existing intelligence agencies, because their role should be confined to the analysis and dissemination of intelligence. To use them in the dual role of policy advice and intelligence analy sis and dissemination would be unduly to compromise the intelligence role.How well does the present system meet the needs outlined above? In some respects, quite well. It basically consists of a tight core capable of being expanded to meet a broadening of threat, with the NSCC providing a sort of inner storage locker, surrounded by a tight supportive framework consisting of key departments, SCONS and the AIC. It is a highly functional arrangement for an environment requiring a high degree of secrecy and relatively rapid decision-making. Where the nature of threat broadens, for example in the case of climate change, the current system is capable of rapid expansion.Members of Cabinet, such as the environment minister, can be brought into the NSCC where necessary. The AFP Commissioner, CEO of Customs and others can also be inducted into the SCONS when necessary. Within PMC, the National Security Division (established in 2003) provides a potential analytical unit that is not confined to intelligence, but that can range over the available government and non-government agencies, minded(p) its location on the dominate heights of PMC. The present system falls down in a number of respects, however. It is deficient in that certain information deemed intelligence in the narrower sense outlined above is still not fully drawn into the AIC information network and database (AICNET). Nor are the organizations generating this intelligence (such as the AFP, Customs and the ACC) included in the tight deliberative network at the apex of government decision-making, at least not on a day-today basis. These exclusions cause a deficit in knowledge and analysis of non-conventional, but human-induced, threat. This deficit was discussed in greater detail in an earlier paper. 6 6 Gordon, op cit.At the time of final preparation of this paper, the government has announced a new system of combining the databases of Customs, Immigration and ASIO. One might well ask why this is only being d one now, cardinal years after the events of 9/11? Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) 63 Security Challenges x It is not capable of adopting strategic thinking across all levels of government in the federal structurethe so-called EBO of governance. Because of the requirements of the liberal democratic federal structure, however, this problem may not be amenable to an entirely satisfactory solution.Even given the restraints imposed by our political system, there is inadequate capacity at the top to analyse, identify and give priority order to threat. Although the National Security Division of PMC seems to be set up to undertake this role, according to Pacey, the division is still limited by coordination roles and the need to deal with immediate crises rather than provide long-term analysis. 7 In counter-terrorism, for example, the role of PMC is to provide a multi-government and multi-disciplinary platform.One suspects that this demanding role diminishes its capacity to deliver long-t erm policy advice. In the absence of an appropriate analytical unit outside the confines of intelligence, there currently seems to be a growing de facto move to advance the ONA for this top-level analytical role, as discussed above. But, as also argued above, the heavy lifting on matters like climate change should not be conducted by a secret intelligence organization at all, but through transparent, evidence-based techniques that are well tried and understood in scientific organizations.Moreover, to place an organization like the ONA at the apex of the policy advice structure is, at least in a de facto sense, to bring it directly into the policy-making apparatushitherto considered anathema for an intelligence organization. x x Therefore, if we accept the more limited role for intelligence advocated in this paper, we are left with a potential deficit in terms of an apex analytical unit the intellectual powerhouse of EBO of governance. The main candidate for fulfilling such a role s eems to be the National Security Division of PMC.And in fact, more and more of the capacity relating to security in areas requiring a multi-disciplinary approach is now located in PMC. This includes terrorism, energy security, pandemic disease, nuclear energy and intelligence. Conclusion and Issues for the bordering Government In light of the profound changes in the security environment we have witnessed in recent years, those responsible for shaping the way governments will deal with long-term structural change confront a choice. 7 Pacey, op. cit. , p. 5. 64 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007)Security Challenges On the one hand, they can advocate an expansion of the role of intelligence to cover the broader nature of the threat we now confront. In a de facto sense, the current arrangement seems to be drifting toward this kind of arrangement. On the other, they can continue to regard intelligence as an essentially secret function designed to give advantage and deny advantage in terms of human competition, whether of the state-on-state variety or threats from criminal and terrorist groups. In this paper we have argued the latter position.We have done so because of concerns about the nature of intelligence and how it differs from policy analysis, the nature of scientific inquiry and the democratic need for debate and consensus. We have further argued that, while it may be possible to achieve something close to a strategic process on a whole-of-government basis, such a process cannot be driven by intelligence and nor is it correctly placed within a discussion of intelligence and its role. We are of the view that additional analytical capacity required to support EBO of governance should exist in the form of an expanded staff specifically advising the NSCC.While the National Security Division of PMC would seem to be the logical candidate for such a role, several changes would be needed to provide the kind of analytical capacity described above. Ideally, a unit of t his nature should be administratively removed from the day-to-day, short-term contingencies and coordination functions normally undertaken by a division of PMC. That is not to say that the unit should be entirely administratively removed from PMC. But it might be a statutory body linked in a similar way to the ONA.Or it might be more directly associated with the Cabinet Division. Further, the unit would require an expanded ability to provide advice on a holistic basis, with a range of expertise covering scientific, health, intelligence, economic and defence issues. Already the germ of such a capability is contained within National Security Division. The existence of such a support unit would act as a buffer between the Cabinet and intelligence agencies and ensure that the latter continue to function as providers of intelligence rather than strategic advice.It would provide the capacity to meld factual and analytical work from both the intelligence agencies and those agencies outside the AIC, such as the various government scientific and economic agencies and non-government agencies. Its interface with such agencies would be far easier than between intelligence and outside agencies, given the role of intelligence in protecting information from human competition. Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007) 65 Security ChallengesIn light of this position, the pursual issues emerge for the next government x Australias national intelligence database should be expanded more fully to incorporate information and intelligence from agencies outside the AIC, such as the AFP, Customs, Coastwatch and the ACC. Details of how this might be accomplished are set out in an earlier paper by this author. 8 going away aside the security aspects of issues like climate change, pandemic disease and radical economic change, government should recognise that such issues in themselves are not causative to analysis and advice from intelligence agencies.Rather, a whole of government analytical and strategic capacity should be incorporated into the advice mechanisms serving the NSCC. This unit should incorporate the work of intelligence agencies, but also range far more broadly across government and non-government agencies. It should posses a holistic capability that is, it should include scientific, health and economic professionals as well as national security experts. It should not be constrained by the day-to-day needs of servicing a busy department like PMC. x Sandy Gordon joined the Australian Public Service in 1977, subsequently working in the Office of National Assessments, AusAID and as Executive Director of the Asian Studies Council and Australian Literacy Council. In 1990 he became a Fellow at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, where he worked on South Asia and the Indian Ocean. In 1997 he was appointed head of intelligence in the AFP, a position he held until 2000.He then became Co-Chair of the Council for Security Cooperatio n in the Asia-Pacific Transnational Crime Working Group and a member of the National Expert Advisory Committee on Illicit Drugs. Between 2003 and 2005, he lectured on terrorism and transnational crime at the Australian Defence Force Academy, University of New South Wales. He is currently Associate Professor, Centre for Transnational Crime Prevention, University of Wollongong. emailprotected com. au. 8 Gordon, op. cit. 66 Volume 3 Number 3 (August 2007)